1936-10-10 — Page 20

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THE CHINA MAIL DOUBLE TENTH SUPPLEMENT

司公限有行銀安永港香

THE WING ON BANK,

LIMITED.

HEAD OFFICE, HONG KONG

26, Des Vœux Road, Ctl.

General Wong Shiu-hang. above, was recently appointed

Pacification

Kwangsi.

Commissioner

can profit

諸君:你有

思慮到

尚題不特儲ˊ利息從優愆額外千諸君通便利如張賜無任歡迎

·自能結果,日積月累自能致富」令永安银行要導助説君解决以上的

以受富立刻將所餘的好入永安银行生息俗語云「稜財如種樹日月 時,奠待無時歡短長」「君!你們現在有事業有入息組要念能儉足 這三個人生大問題無論那一個鄀需要注意解決的俗語說「有時無

日 後「你自己本身致富的問題麼... 「你父母妻子的養育問題? 【你萬一失業時養活的問題麽?·

CHINA'S INTERNATIONAL HISTORY

Date

Nation

1517-Portugal

1575-

1680Britain

1719-Russia

1783-Britain

1793-Britain

1840-Britain

AT A GLANCE

-Explorers first went to China.

Pope sent missionaries to China. East India Company entered com-

mercial relations.. First commercial treaty signed

with Chinese Emperor. British sailor strangled by Chin- ese, causing an outburst in England.

First British Minister to China

appointed a

Trade with England abolished. War followed. Hong Kong ceded.

1858 France, Britain, U. S. Chinese defeated in war.

1863-Britain

1893--Russia

1912—

*.

Russia

General Gordon subdued rebel-

lion.

First loan to China. Russia lends

£16,000,000.

Joint advance of

£16,000,000.

Three years later same coun- tries lent £7,400,000.

Boxer rising-

Russo-Japanese War over Man-

churia.

Fall of Chinese Dynasty.

7

CHINA'S TREATIES

Treaties exist between China

and the following 23 Foreign

Powers:-

Great Britain

1842

United States

1844

France

1844

Norway

1847

Sweden

1847

Denmark

1863

Netherlands

1863

Spain

1864

Belgium

1865

Italy

1866

Peru

1874

Brazil

1881

Portugal

1887

Japan

1895

Mexico

1899

Chile

1915

Switzerland

1918

Bolivia

1919

Persia

1920

Germany

1921

Soviet Russia

1924

Austria

1926

Finland

1927

PROPS FOR CHINA

Foreign loans to China, often in the form of consortiums of two or more Powers, have play- ed a prominent part in East- West relations for the last 40 years.

Down to the Sino-Japanese. War of 1894-95, China had al- most no foreign indebtedness. A few of the chief transactions since then follow:

1895-Franco-Russian loan of 400,000,000 francs to pay Japa- nese indemnity. Secured on cus- toms receipts.

1912-Six-Power Consortium, from which the United States withdrew in 1913.

1920—Four-Power Consort- ium of the United States, Great Britain. France and Japan, to finance all future loans to China. Agreement still in force...

CHINESE DYNASTIES BA

Patriarchal Period 2000-2205 B.C. Hsia" Dynasty

Shang Dynasty

Chou Dynasty

Ch'in Dynasty

Han Dynasty

San Tai, or, Three

States

Wei

Shu Han

Wa

230-265

221-265

222-280

Lo-Chao, or Six `Dy-

nasties

Chin

Sung

Chi

Liang Ch'en

Southern

2205-1766 E.C.

1766-1122 B.C.

1122 255 BC 255- 206 B.C. 206-220 A.D.

220- 280 A.D.

265- 589 A.D.

265-420

420-479

479-502

502-557

557-589

Northern

286-535

534-543

535-557

550-589

557-589

way of those who by a higher education.

A significant step taken by the Government last year was the beginning of a complete pro- gramme of compulsory educa- tion for every child of school

age.

A

For a good many years, the question of compulsory educa- tion was a burning issue. great deal of discussion ensued, and a good many proposals were brought up; but the immensity of the problem seemed always to have defeated the efforts made. It is, therefore, a thing to be specially remembered that the Government last year, amid general depression and other difficulties. set going a plan for the gradual accomplishment of universal compulsory educa- tion.

Under the plan, it is expect- ed to bring in several million more children of school age to primary schools every year. The length of compulsory education is one year in the first five years it will beginning from 1935;

1940, become two years from and four years from 1945. In other words the scheme contem plates that one year's compul-

will sory. Instruction

become universal for all the children of " school age of the country (es timated at 40 million) in 1939; and that the two years' compul- sory instruction will be so by 1944, after which date the length of compulsory instruc- tion will be increased to four years. Under very great financial difficulties, the Government

1896 Germany, Britain

1900-Britain, Japan

France, Germany 1904 Russia. Japan

appropriated for 1935-1936 $2,- 400,000 for this purpose, with another half million for the border provinces: and the Brit- ish, American, and French Box- er Indemnity Foundations con- tributed between them $300,000.

One can imagine what 2 change the realisation од 2 national scale of compulsory education will produce in the social and political life in China. In secondary schools there is the problem of too few voca- tional schools. In 1932, there were a little over 250 vocational schools for the whole country as compared with 1,900 middle schools for the same year. This

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problem is not merely one of smallness in the number of yo- cational schools. It is rather a result of failure to give voca- tional training its proper im- portance and of long neglect on the part of society. The_posi- tion of the normal schools is somewhat similar to the voca- tional schools. There were in 1932 only less than 900 normal schools.

There are many educational problems, which cannot be dealt with here for lack of space- such, for instance, is the pro- blem of training of teachers for ́secondary, schools and primary schools and the problem of adult schools and other forms of social education. While it is true that each of these problems is serious and needs

a great amount of attention and effort, the way is clear for their solu- tion. Taking the Chinese edu- cational problems as a whole, one may say that after years of trial and experiment, the fundamental directions have been marked out. What appears to be needed is a resolute and forceful pursuit of the lines of policy adopted.

many

"Northern Wei Eastern Wei Western Wei Northern Ch'i Northern Choo Sui

T'ang

H'siao Wu Tai, or Five Small Dynas ties

589 618 A.D. 618-907-A.D..

· 308 959 A.D. Hou Liang (Later) 908- 923 A.D.

Hou Tang

Hoa Tsin

Hou Han

Hou Chou Sung Dynasty Yuan Dynasty Ming Dynasty T'a Ch'ing K'ang Hsi Period

923-936 A.D.

.936-946 A.D.

947-950 A.D.

951, 953 A.D.

960-1279 A.D.

1280-1367 A.D.

1363-1643 A.D.

1644-1912 A.D.

1662-1722 A.D.

Yung Cheng Period 1723-1735 A.D.. Ch'ien Lung Period 1736-1795 A.D. Chia Ch'ing Period 1796-1820 A.D. Tao Kuang Period 1821-1850 A.D. Hsien Feng Period 1851-1861 A.D. Tung Chih Period 1862-1874 A.D. Kuang Hsu Period 1875-1908 A.D. Hstan Tung Period 1909-1912 A.D. Republican Period

............. 1912 A.D.