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*S.S. "DUCHESSA D'AOSTA”
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*MY. "COL DI LANA”
* Carge steamers only,
For Shanghai
& Japan
Feb. 4
Feb. 16
For Singapore & Europe Feb. 22 Mar. 4 Mar. 26
All dates are subject to alteration without notice. For Freight and Passages apply to
Queen's Building,
Tel. C. 1010.
DODWELL & CO., LTD., Agenta.
NY.KLINE
CHINA
THE
STEAM OR DIESEL ?
19
Operating Costs of V.S. Tonnage
FULL PERFORMANCE
MAIL.
Land from North Atlantic ports to
Australia and return. Of course, these conditions are the ones most favourable to the diesel engine and least favourable to the steam plant. Obviously, when a ship haying a [relatively high oll consumption is compared with one of a low-cil con- sumption, the difference between the
Improvements To Be Expected in Diesel Engines two is most marked on such long
COMMERCIAL SUCCESSES
voyages as these.
"Furthermore, the operating con- ditions are far from favourable to the steam vessels, inasmuch as a Operating costs of diesel-driven and steam-driven cargo vessels long portion of the voyage is in the of the Shipping Board were compared in a paper submitted by Cap-Ocean, where the high temperature Mediterranean, Red Sea, and Indian
tain R. D. Gatewood, former manager of the maintenance and re- of the water makes it almost im pair division of the Merchant Fleet Corporation, at the annual meet possible to maintain good vacuum.
"It seems too bad that there are ing of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers in New no comparisons of Rome voyages York. The following is a resume of Captain Gatewood's paper, after which we give the contribution by Mr. J. H. King, of Messrs. Babcock and Wilcox, to the discussion which followed the paper. In explain- ing the basis of comparison, Captain Gatewood said:-
number of
Voyages дта
AEDUCED THROUGH TICKETS TO BUROPE VIA U.S.A. VARYING similar cargo load conditions. The
FROM £83 TO £120 ON SALE
SAN FRANCISCO via Shanghal, Japan Ports & Honolulu.
SHINYO MARU
ASAMA MARU
Wednesday, 19th February, Thursday, 27th February.
Wednesday, 12th February. Friday, 28th February.
SEATTLE, VICTORIA via Shanghai & Japan Ports.
SIBERIA MARU
SHIDZUOKA MARU
LONDON, MARSEILLES, ANTWERP, ROTTERDAM via
Singapore, Penang, Colombo, Suez. HAKUSAN MARU
KITANO MARU
SYDNEY & MELBOURNE via Manila & Ports.
"A included of several vessels, with the different types of drive, all operated by the same company and in the same service, namely, either from North Atlantic ports to India and return, or
from North Atlantic ports to Australia and return by way of the Philippines and the Suez Caual; and since, for the most part, the various voyages were made during the same period of time, it is reasonable to assume the vessels were all operating under generally
tabulations which are presented have been computed from the netual charges against each vessel in the accounts of the Shipping Board."
The comparisons, which covered ten direct-driven diesel ships, four oil-burning steamers with recipro cating engines, and three oil-burn- Ing steamers with double-reduction geared turbines, were summarised by Captain Gatewood as follows:- Average Expenses Engine Dept.
Av'ge Per Per speed, day mile, knots.
Saturday, 8th February. Saturday, 22nd February.
Wednesday, 19th February. Wednesday, 26th March.
10 diesel
4 recip. vessels
255.18 1.84
9.94
3 turbine vessels
269.84 1.93
BOMBAY via Singapore, Penang, & Colombo.
,
Tuesday, 11th February. Friday. 28th February,
SOUTH AMERICA (West Coast) via Japan, Honolula, Los Angeles,
KAGA MARU
TANGO MARU
TAMBA MARU
+ TOKUSHIMA MARU
Mexico & Panama
RAKUYO MARU
KAWACHI MARU
KUMA MARU
Sunday,
2nd March.
* vessels...$187.50 $1.31 11.18
9.88
SOUTH AMERICA (East Coast) via Singapore, Cape Town & Porta, Average Cost Fuel Oil Per Barrel
NEW YORK, BOSTON via Panama.
~+ KAKO MARU
Saturday,
8th March.
Thursday, 13th February, Monday, 24th February.
Morday, 17th February,
8th February. 15th February.
LIVERPOOL vla Port Said, Constantinople," Genoa.
↑ DELAGOA MARU
CALCUTTA via Singapore, Penang & Rangoon.
+ CALCUTTA MAKU
† MALACCA MARU
Saturday,
... Saturday,
SHANGHAI, KOBE & YOKOHAMA.
+ MURORAN MARU (Chomulpo direct) Sunday,
+ TSUSHIMA MARU
KATORI MARU
+ Cargo only.
40th February.
Tuesday,
11th February.
Monday,
17th February,
Reduced 1st Class Exeran Pates quoted between Manila and Asatralia
For further inforination apply to--NIPPON YUSEN KAISHA
(Private exchange to all departments.)
Tel Central No. 203. 3897 and 9821.
S. K
BAILINGS FROM HONG KONG SUBJECT TO ALTERATION.
LONDON,
Diesel vessels
.... $1.52 Steam vessels
1.47 Emphasis was laid upon the fact that on account of the method
WAB:---
from o North Atlantic ports to classes of vessels, or some compari- Europe and return for the two
sons of voyages on routes that would give the steamship at least an even chance to make a favourable show- ing on fuel costs.
Matorship City of Dalhart, 9,185 tons deadweight, Busch-Sulzer, two-bellef that many improvements may "Captain Gatewood expresses the cycle, single-acting 3,000 h.p. diesels, be expected in diesel engines of the four voyage covering 103,012 miles.type Atted in these ships, and while Expenses per day, 191.26 dols.; ex some improvements will undoubtedly penses per mile, 1.19 dols.; average be made, there is a question as to observed speed, 11.62 knots. Main how far these improvements will tenance repairs, 7,951 dols.
go toward a reduction of mainten Motorship Yonachichi, 9,235 tona ance and repair costs. deadweight, Busch-Sulzer two-cycle, "If these had been the first marine single-acting 3,000 h.p. diesels, three diesel engine ever built there might voyages covering 88,304 miles. Ex-be some ground pentes per day, 181.83 dola.: ex-but it must be remembered that for this feeling, penses per mile, 1.17 dola.; average these vessels went into service, observed speed, 11.40 knots. Main about thirty years after the diesel tenance repairs, 4,095 dola.
tong
engine was proclaimed, in 1897, as a commercial success.
Motorship Tampa, 9,120 deadweight, Worthington two-cycle,
"If ships of the same design and double-acting 2,900 h.p. diesels, tonnage develop the same power the three voyages covering 78,158 miles. (speed should be equal in the ships Expenses per day, 202.45 dole.; ex noted in this paper the average penses per mile, 1.89 dols.; average deadweight tonnage observed speed, 11 knots. Mainten-power is greater with the steam- ance repairs, 33,617 dols.
per horse-
ships than with the diesel ships. Motorship Unicoi, 9,155 tons The average deadweight tonnage double-acting 2,900 h.p. diesels, per rated engine horse-power on the deadwoight, Worthington two-cycle, diesel ships is 2.98, whereas on the three voyages covering 78,153 miles. reciprocating steamships it la 3.45, Expenses per day, 202.46 dols.; and on the turbine ships 3.02. expenses per mile, 1.89 dols.; aver-Thus, if for no other
reason tho
age observed speed, 11 knots. Main- diesel ships have an advantage in tenance repairs, 33,517 dola.
tons
Motorship Unicoi, 9,155 deadweight, Worthington two-cycle, double-acting 2,900 h.p. diesels,
dols.
less deadweight tonnage.
All Costa Not Considered
"The tables give only the engine.
Among
The usual charge
SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 1930.
FAST LUXURIOUS SERVICE
-to America
and Europe
Tavion of Europe avail
◄RAVELLERS bound for
themselves of speedy and com. fortable service when they go Canadian Pacific.
The White Empresses are the largest, newest and fastest liners on the Facific. They cross from Yokohama to Vancouver in 9 days; from Shanghai to Van- couver in 14,
These ships connect with the quamer trains, "Trans-Canada Limited" and "Mountaineer," at Vancouver, enabling Passengers to make the earliest selling of a Canadian Pacific Atlantic liner,
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..Mar. 5th
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DODWELL CASTLE
FAR EAST via PANAMA.
LINE
AMERICA via SUEZ.
NEXT SAILING
M.V. “THURLAND CASTLE”
For
on 16th FEBRUARY
PHILIPPINE AND JAYA PORTS, STRAITS, COLOMBO, NEW YORK AND BOSTON.
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For Passenger and Freight Information please apply:
Expenses per day, 191.02 dois.; ex attempt is made to compare two three voyages covering 78,535 miles. department expenses, whereas if an penses per mile, 1.61 dols.; average types of ships certainly all the observed speed, 10.52 knots. Main-costs should be considered. tenance repairs, 23,119 dois.
such costs are the charge on the Motorskip Seminole, 0,132 tons Investment which in private opera.. adopted by the accounting division deadweight, Hooven, Owens, Rents-tion is a very important item. of the Shipping Board, some of the chlor two cycle, double-acting 3,680
*These diesel voyages used for purposes of com- h.p. diesels, three voyages covering
ships had anj parison carry a maintenance cost 83,079 miles. Expenses per day, average cost for conversion of about out of all proportion to the mainten- 203, 44 dela.; expenses per mile, 1.36 $300,000 each. ance cost of other voyages. Another dold.; verdre observed speed, 11.83 against this investment is 16 per point made by Captain Gatewood knots. Maintenance repairs, 16,779 and Insurance.
cent, to cover interest, depreciation, Fifteen per cent. Steamer Costs
[on $900,000 is equal to $370 per
deadweight, that the steam-propelled vessels are Steamship Editor. 9,694 tons day, an added overhead cost that no 2,800 h.p., three Scotch boilers, which enters into the cost of operat reciprocating engine private owner could possibly carry.
"There is also another charge 210 lbs., four voyages coveringing ships which Captain Gatewood 101,690 miles. Expenses per day; has not mentioned, and that is the 233.27 dola.; expenses per mile, 1.64 dols.; average observed speed, 9.90 added diesel engine ships caused cost of demurrage. If there were knots. Maintenance repairs, 8,164 dols.
by delays for repairs during their
Modern Steam Machinery first few years of operation, tho Steamship Arcturus, 9,601 tona cost per day would, deadweight, reciprocating engines
I believe, be "The Shipping Board has had 2,800 1.h.p., three Scotch boilers. further increased.1
before it for over three years a pro- 210 lbs., five voyages covering 104,-
"It would be absolutely mislead posal to instal modern steam ma 144 miles. Expenses per day, 237.97 ing to draw general conclusions of chinery that would cost about 40 dols.; expenses per mile, 1.81 dola.; a comparative nature from the per cent. less than this diesel equip
"Private industry has developed average observed speed, 10 knots. data presented in this paper. If iiment, and would have about half the Maintenance repairs, 11,238 dols.
is desired to compare a diesel engine fuel est of the steam machinery ateam machinery, and private own- Steamship Egremont, 9.976 tons ship with a steamship, why has with which the ships noted in this
era in this country have almost deadweight, reciprocating engines, not the Shipping Board made an paper are equipped.
unanimously chosen steam for their 2,800 I.h.p., three Scotch boilers, Installation of modern steam ma "In this proposal the shipyards ships. In fact, out of all the
ter
"It should be fully appreciated equipped with boilers and machinery designed and built during the war | period, and that no doubt much bet- fuel performance could be obtained with modern up-to-date machinery of this type, and-possibly in some instances lower mainten ance costa, and (but) it should niso be realised that the diesel engines were the first of elther their size or type to be built and installed in ocean-going vessels in this country, ROTTERDAM ANTWERP-Vis Slogapore so that it is to be logically expected many Improvements could be made in future engines of this class.
the diesel programme of the United "Indeed, in the later engines of
States Shipping Board, which has just been completed, many Improve ments in design have been incor- porated, and it is expected this will result in somewhat lower overall fuel consumption and much lower main
Engine Department · Expenses The engine department expenses of the several vessels were stated as
HAMBURG. Colombo, Suez and Port Sald. ATLAS MARU AMAZON MARU
Monday, 10th February. Saturday, 15th March.
RIO DE JANEIRO, SANTOS & BUENOS AIRES-Via Bulgon, Singapore,
Colombo, Durban & Cape Town,
HAWAII MARU LAPLATA MARU
BOMBAY-Via Singapore & Colombo.
SHINNOH MARU
* GANGES MARU
(Calls at KarachL}
Tuesday, 25th February. Friday, 21st March.
Wednesday, 10th February. Thursday, 6th March.
DURBAN, LOURENCO MARQUES, BEIRA, DAR-ES-SALAAM, ZANZI- tenance costs."
BAR & MOMBASA-Vi■ Singapore & Colombo.
CALCUTTA Via Singapore, Penang & Rangoon.
PANAMA MARU
KASADO MARU
CELEBES MARU
Shanghai
SYDNEY MARU
Saturday, lat March.
...Tuesday, 18th February.
Tuesday, 4th March.
VICTORIA, SEATTLE, TACOMA & VANCOUVER Via Japan Porta from
MELBOURNE Via Manila, Brisbane & Sydney.
HAIPHONG-Via Hollow & Pathol
MENADO MARU
Thursday, 6th March.
Thursday, 20th February,
NEW YORK-Via Japan porta, San Francisco & Panama...
JAPAN PORTA.
ALASKA MARU
TACOMA MARU
CELEBES MARU
KEELUNG-Via Swatow & Ampy.
HOZAN HARU.... CANTON MARU
TAKAO-Vi■ SWATOW & AMOY.
DELI MARU
TAKAO & KEBLUNG.
BATAVIA MARU.
Monday, 17th February, Friday, 21st February. Saturday, 8th February.
Sanday, 9th February, noon. Sunday, 18th February, noon.
Thursday, 18th February, 16 am. Saturday, 8th February.
For further partculars please apply to—OŠAKA BHOSEN KAISHA.
Tel. Central No: 4088, 4089; 4990.
H. TAKEUCHI," Manager..
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CO., INC.
follows:--
Motorship West Honaker, 8,006 tons d.w., equipped with McIntosh and Seymour four-cycle single acting 2,700 h.p. diesels, four voy age covering 107,254 miles; RX- ponses per day 186.81 dola.; ex- penses per mile, 1.83 dola.; average
observed speed, 10.35 knots; main
tenance repairs, 25,467 dois.
Motorship West Cusseta. 8,006 tons d.w., McIntosh and Seymour four-cycle, single-acting 2,700 HD. diesels, four voyages covering 108,030 miles; expenses per day, 178.74 dois.; expenses per mile, 1.18 dols.: average observed speed: 19.94 knots; maintenance repairs, 1,999
dols.
..
DODWELL & CO.,
Queen's Building.
Agenta.
LTD.
Tel. C. 1030.
compared with the modern diesel engine equipped ships, I am sure the comparison of the fuel costs and the conclusions drawn would be quite the reverse of those noted in this paper.
210 lbs., five voyages covering 117, chinery that would be really com are prepared to guarantee an oil ships now being built in this coun- 039 miles. Expenses per day. 280.88 parable with the modern diesel consumption of 63 lbs. per shaft try under mall contract, all but dois.; expenses per mile, 2.12 dols.; engines that they have installed in h.. for all purposes. If a ship average observed speed, 9.92 knots. these ships?
Atted with such machinery were Maintenance repairs, 15,469 dola.
Steamship Oak Park, 9,455 tons deadweight, reciprocating engine, 2,800 1h.p, three Scotch boilers, 100 lbs., three voyages covering 84,829 miles. Expenses per day, 272.37 dols.; expenses per mile, 1.76 dolo.; average observed speed, 9.92 knots. Maintenance repairs, 8,686 dols.
Case For Steam Engine Captain Gatewood's conclusions
were challenged by Mr. King, who
asked for Information about tho high coat of maintenance repairs in the motorebips
a
|
"It would be very Interesting if some information cauld be given-In regard to the reasons for the very high coat of maintenance repairs. These diesel engine ships are rela tively new ships, and even when compared with the old war-built Motarship Crown City, 8,006 d.w.steam tonnage, the cost of mainten tons, McIntosh and Seymour four ance repairs seems much too high. cycle singlu-acting 2,700 h.p. diesels, "For example, the average main- four voyages covering 109,266 | tenance cost per ship of the ten miles; expenses per day, 165.30 | diesel ships given in Captain Gate- dols.; expenses per mile, 1.09 dola.; wood's paper is 20,281 dols. the average observed speed, 11.02 knots; average maintenance cost per ship maintenance repairs, 5.878 dols. of the four reciprocating engine
Motorship Sawokla, 9,015 dead- | ships is 11,546 dols, and the aver weight tona, Busch-Bulzer two-cycle, age cost per ship of the three single-acting 8,000 h.p. diesels, four | turbine driven ships la 18,316 dols. voyagen covering 106,101 miles. "It certainly speaks well for the Expenses per day, 198.96 dols,; | war-built steam vassels when, after expenses per mile, 1.30 dola.; aver a period of eight or nine years' age observed speed, 11.77 knots operi lon, the maintenance cost is Maintenance repaire; 21,780 dola. * little more than one-half to two- Motorship Sawolda, 9,108 dead, thirds the maintenancă cost of diesel weight tons, Basch-Sulzer two-cycle, | ships in servios:" only one or two
rle actiny :0 000, h.), diesels, four years."
Unfair Com pärisosa
sting) 103,228 miles, day 162.07cdola.;
wood very pro
(Continued on Poge 6)
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