1928-05-16 — Page 4

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FINDING.

THE CHINA

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A COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY.

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framed buildings, overhead wires, and trees produce an appreciable error in the readings of a direc- STUDY OF RADIO DIRECTION tion-finder placed in their vicinity. It is not necessary for the disturb ing metal-work, to be above the surface of the ground, for a some- what large error experienced at one of the stations used in this work was ultimately found to be due to a long sheet of expanded steel which supported a sawer duct at some four or five feet below the ground level.

Network of Stations.

at

countered when the path of trans- mission is entirely oversea and is limited to "a distance of about 100 miles. When the transmission path is overland theso night errors begin.to be effective at the shorter ranges of 30 miles and over. In some of the more recent experi ments observations were made in this country on the transmissions from some of the American sta tions at distances of over 3,000 miles, and it was then found that the above night errors present, although they were very serious indeed for a shorter range' of 760 miles.

Theory Verified.

were not

The co-ordination of the large

quantity of data obtained in this investigation has furnished very

exact information as to the actual nature and magnitudle of the vari-

The research work in this coun- try has further led to a verifica- tion of the theory advanced some years ago to account for, these direction-finding phenomena. In

During the past five years the Radio Research Board, established under the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, has been conducting in investigation into the various aspects of wireless direction-finding of both practical

For the purpose of making ays-oua effects observed, and the re- sum- tematic. observations on the trans-sults are found to be in good agree- and scientific, interest. A mary of this work is given in a missiona from various European ment with the observations made official report by Dr. R. L. Smith- stations, 10 identiga! direction in other countries, as widely scat- tered 龜仔 France, Germany, Rose, entitled "A Study of Radin finding stations were erected in Direction-Finding." and recently the British Isles in 1921 and America, and China. published by H.M. Stationery Ofice operated under the control of the (Radio Research, Special Report National Physical Laboratory

Teddington At a later date two Many of the results obtained further stations were brought into No. 6, 1927). during the progress of the investi-, operation, and thus completed a gations have been previously pub, network stretching from Orford on Ilshed, particularly in the form of the East Coast to Bristol and Bel- official reports, and these consti- fast in the West, and to Aberdeen stitule a record suitable for those and Lerwick, in the Shetland people interested in exact details of Islands,, in the extreme North

The These stations the measurements obtained.

were engaged in object of the present report is ra- taking regular daily observations ther to give a comprehensive sur- vey of the subject as the result of the investigation and to supple ment the previous records with the further results obtained during the past two years.

Early Development.

In the first section of the report,

over a period of from two to five years, and the results obtained have been analysed in detail, and are discussed in this and the pre- coding reports.

Various Ranges.

this theory it is assumed that a portion of the

wireless wave energy from a transmitting station travels in the upper regions of the earth's atmosphere, and is then de- flected downwarde towards earth.

the

Strict Examination. At the receiving station these downcoming waves Interfere with those which have travelled along the surface of the earth and pro- duce the variations in bearings on direction-finders, and also the fading of received signals. In Research

COLUMBIA PACIFIC SHIPPING COMPANY. states "The Times," a summary is it was found that the bearings of the report of the Radio

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At the various ranges of trans mission of from 10 to 1,500 miles

given of the early development of transmitting stations were reliable Board under discussion this theory wireless direction-finding up to the by day to an extreme error of 4 is subjected to a strict numerical year 1921, when the investigations deg., the great majority of the examination, and is found to ac- of the Radio Research Board were readings being correct to within 2 count satifactorily for the various Further. commenced. Among the earliest deg. During the hours of dark phenomena experienced. experiments undertaken was ness, however, it was found that more, as a result of this accurate study of the various instrumental under certain conditions the understanding of the subject, a and local errors to which direction- observed bearings were subject to system of direction-finding has finders are liable and which must erratic variations, which makes ac- been developed which is entirely be removed or compensated for be- curate direction-finding very diff- free from the above erratic night fore accurate bearinga can be cult. Fortunately for the errors. This system has been test- obtained with such instruments. portant application of direction- ed in the early stages, and is now In these experiments it was found finding to marine navigation, these being developed from practical that such obstacles 19 metal variable night errors are not en point of view.

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|DIRECTION FINDING.

RADIO RESEARCH BOARD'S WORK.

RESULTS ENCOURAGING.

Satisfactory Fenture. A satisfactory feature of the ex- periments is that a close examina- tion of the data obtained by means of these transmissions produc‹ › re- aults which are found to be in agreement with the observations Much has already been done by made in other countries near and the Radio Research Board, estab-far. One very interesting feature lished under the Department of of the present report is the sup- Science and Industrial Research, in port. It supplies to the theory ad- regard to the investigation into the vanced some years ago to account various aspects of wireless direc-for the vagaries of wireless recep- tion. This theory assumed that tion Anding, both in relation to overland work and marine naviga- the waves of wireless energy as tion. A good deal has already well as being transmitted over the been published as to the progress to the outer portion of the utmos surface of the earth also travelled made during the past five years over

tails.

Detecting Errors.

which the investigations have ex-phere, and were thence deflected tended, and the results Bo far earthwarde, meeting and affecting have been very encouraging, says those waves which travelled along

the earth's surface. the "Journal of Commerce." The

Close Examination. AMERICAN & ORIENTAL LINE latest report is more in the nature

The theory was subjected to of a comprehensive survey of the 6th July.

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tion. As a result of the knowledge thus attained it has been found pos- In all there have been establish-sible to evolve a system of direc- ed in and around the British Isles [tion finding which is not affected by a dozen identical wireless direction the night errors which have been finding stations; all of these being such a source of trouble in the past, operated under the control of the land experiments long these lines National Physical Laboratory at will be continued, but already the Teddington, and regular daily ob-practical use of this system la be- servations have been and are being ing developed. Its value from the made. In the carller stages great point of view of the safety of ship- care was necessary in the enden-ping is almost incalculable. Al- vour to detect errors, for the re ready the help afforded by the sults were often affected by auch wireless direction finder is exceed- disturbing influences as the proxim-ingly great, but its future poten- ity of telephone wires, trees, build-tialities are enormous.

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Consignees of Cargo ex 8.8. “City until these influences were detect- of Newcastle" are reminded to take ¡ed and allowed for that real-pro-delivery of their goods which will be

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5.3.

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generally speaking, than during the AMERICAN AUTRALIA ORIENT night. In the hours of darkness erratic conditions, frequently pre- valled, and the error was greater than during the day time, particu larly overland, Transmission over the sea was less liable to variation up to the 100 mile limit. In some of the long distant experiments over soa, however, considerable 8.8. variation was found, which, singu- larly enough, were not detected at distances approaching 3,000 miles" and over.

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