CO885-9 — Page 532

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Impurities added during storage.

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Pollution of tanks by dust, washing, &c.

Impurities added during transit: sewers emptying in rivers; manure from

cane fields washed into the river by heavy rains, &c.

iv. Purification.

Selfpurification of water.

Filters: good, indifferent, bad.

Boiling, distillation, treatment by chemicals.

v. Diseases caused by water (unfit).

Enteric fever, cholera, diarrhoea, dysentery, worms, bilharzia, ankylostomiasis,

leadpoisoning; malaria?

LECTURE VII.—Food, Clothing, Exercise, and Rest.

Food.-Chemical composition of the human body. The metabolism of the body, physiology of wear and repair. Chemical composition of food, substances wanted.

Solid food, liquid food, gaseous food.

The

energy

of the body.

Various inlets of food, and outlets of excreta.

Functions of the four classes of alimentary principles. Clothing-What is its use, what are its requisites.

Difference in the use of wool, and of cotton, linen, &c.

Uses and dangers of rubber-lined clothes or shoes.

Must be adapted to the conditions of the individual and of the locality.

Must protect the body against climatic changes, but must not hinder the physio- logical working of the body.

Rest and Exercise.-Practice makes perfection, but overwork brings fatigue. Judicious allotment of rest and of exercise.

Exercise must vary according to the work and conditions of each. What is rest

for one is exercise for the other, and vice versa.

Mental and physical rest and exercise. Sleep.

Judicious change, a form of rest, by working parts that have been doing nothing

and resting those that have been at work. Hence amusement is a rest for a troubled mind, physical exercise for a brain-worker, &c.

Relation of rest and exercise to the physiology of wear and repair.

LECTURE VIII-Milk, Sugar, Alcohol, &c.

Milk.-Characters and composition.

Human and other milks compared.

Alterations that take place in milk,

Milk as an article of food.

Abnormal changes and impurities in milk.

Conditions dependent on the cow.

Conditions independent of the cow.

Adulteration and falsification of milk.

Connexion between milk supply and spread of disease.

Diseases spread through milk.

Prevention of spread of disease by milk.

i. Measures applicable to the milk before it reaches the consumer.

ii. Precautions to be taken by the consumer.

Preservation of milk. Its value as food.

Butter, cheese, &c.

Examination of milk, cheese, butter, &c.

Sugar and Starch. Various kinds of sugars.

Their status in a diet. Their physiology. Pathological sugar. Sugar in milk. Alcohol-Its relation to sugar.

What is fermentation?

Various strengths of alcohol. General impurities: Fusel oil, &c.

Action of alcohol on the body: a stimulant, a depressant, a food. On the dietetic use of alcohol: its necessity or the contrary. Rum, whisky, brandy, wine, beer.

Coffee. Composition of the roasted and the unroasted bean. Physiological action and dietetic use of coffee.

Tea. How obtained. Various kinds. Composition of tea. Cocoa.-How obtained and prepared.

Composition of oocoa.

Tea, coffee, and cocoa compared.

Condiments.-Salt, acids, vinegar, lime juice, mustard, pepper, &c.

LECTURE IX.-Specific Febrile Diseases.

1. Small-pox.-Its causation, state of knowledge.

Its spread: almost always air borne.

Its symptoms, incubation, treatment.

Its prevention: isolation, disinfection, vaccination.

Vaccination. Its principle, its effect, its discovery.

Different kinds of vaccination. Serumtherapy.

Attenuated organisms. Inoculation of toxins after sterilization. Tolerance, "accoutumance," immunisation.

2. Plague.--Its various forms and symptoms. Causation.

Its bacteriology. Role of rats.

Incubation, treatment.

Its

serumtherapy. Importance of place of infection. Dangers of ground air, wakes, &c. Greater liability to contract the disease at night. iii. Diphtheria. Its nature and manifestation. theriæ of Klebs and Loeffler.

Causation. Bacillus diph- Treatment.

Infection by inhalation, by milk, &c. Incubation. Past and present. Its serumtherapy. Prevention. Isolation. Dis- infection.

iv. Enteric Fever or Typhoid-Its nature, its action, its symptoms. Bacteriology

as a means of diagnosis. Principal modes of contamination, by water, milk, by the air, by flies, &c. Present state of its serumtheraphy, Chantemesse, incubation, treatment, prevention.

LECTURE X.--Measles.

Its causation, its incubation. Treatment and prevention.

Manifestations and modes of contamination.

German Measles, Chicken-pox, Mumps, Scarlet Fever.

Their causation, incubation, symptoms, dissemination, treatment, and prevention. Dysentery-Predisposition, causation. semination, &c. Dangers of dysentery: liver abscesses. Treatment. Prevention.

The Amoeba coli. Its action, dis- Influenza-Its causation and exciting cause. and modes of contamination. Prevention.

Incubation, duration, action,

Cholera. Its causation and bacteriology. Action, incubation, duration, and modes of contamination. Propagation: Diffusion by human intercourse, by direct contagion, by the air, by flies. Prevention: General measures and individual measures. Treatment.

Erysipelas, Beri-beri, Tetanus, Purulent Ophthalmia, Pneumonia, Hydrophobia. -Causation, nature, prevention, and treatment of each, due regard being paid to such popular fallacies as "killing a dog after it has bitten a person, will secure the person against rabies," &c. Mode of spread.

LECTURE XI.-Tuberculosis.

Its causation.-Predisposition, contamination. Bacillus tuberculosis (Koch's). How common the organism and the disease. Many aspects of tuberculosis. Bacillus in air. Necessity for certain reforms in general habits: spitting, &c. Tubercu- losis not necessarily a hopeless disease. Much more common than imagined, but many are cured.

Common in cows and cattle generally. Prevention: Ventilation, proper nutrition and good health, avoidance of chill, &c. Hence in meat, milk, butter, &c. Control of milk, meat, cattle, &c., disinfect and destroy sputa, clothes from tuber- culous patients, &c.: Treatment: Improve health and increase strength of patient, thus strengthening hands of nature. A healthy constitution can fight and win its own battle.

Leprosy.--Causation, bacillus lepræ. State of knowledge on the subject. Facts that are certain. Measures to be taken.

Diseases of Animals.--Tuberculosis and various diseases: Rinderpest and surrah, foot and mouth disease, pustular disease, swine fever, anthrax, pleuro- pneumonia, rabies, measles due to cystic worms.

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