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PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE

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9 PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE, LONDON ALLY WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE BE REPRODUCED PHOTOGRAPHIC- COPYRIGHT PHOTOGRAPH-NOT TO

is considerably helped by object lessons and by practical explanations, the lecturers will be expected to give practical illustrations whenever possible. With reference to this Dr. Cretin, who has just come back from Europe, reports very favourably on the practical value of enlarged gelatine models of mammalian blood corpuscles, showing the parasites with which they are infected by mosquitoes, &c. These models were on show in the Natural History Branch of the British Museum in Cromwell Road, London, S.W. Were the price of such models or of some smaller sizes not absolutely prohibitive, it would be highly desirable to procure a set showing the life modifications of the blood parasite in malaria. They would be invaluable here as an object lesson, to all and every one in the Colony, of the most prevailing disease of the place; and might after the course be usefully added to the exhibits of the Colonial Museum.

The excellent plan of experimental lessons on the development of mosquitoes in its different stages, which has been adopted by Sir W. McGregor at Lagos, will be followed when the subject of malaria fevers will be lectured upon; and a few demonstrations of the organisms contained in a drop of apparently clear water will be given by the microscope, to impress on the students the nature of the germs and of the microbes which cannot be suspected by any unaided senses, but which play such an important part in the causation of disease in human beings.

At the end of the course of lectures a written and an oral examination will be held as already stated. The answers may be given in English or in French. Only candidates who will have attended at least 60 per cent. of the lectures will be admitted to compete. The written examination will consist of six questions and only such candidates as will obtain at least 40 per cent. of the marks will be allowed to present themselves for the oral examination.

Certificates to successful candidates will be awarded by the Medical and Health Department according to the following scale: Pass Certificate to all those who have earned at least 50 per cent. of the total number of marks.

2nd Class

1st Class Honour

The privileges attached to these certificates should be as follows:

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(i) Only teachers holding a 2nd class or higher grade certificate will be allowed

to teach hygiene in the schools and participate in the result grants.

(ii) Special grants will be paid to each teacher for those of their pupils that will pass their examinations. The grants will be paid according to a scale based the certificates (Suggestions concerning this question are submitted in Annexure B).

on

(iii) Holders of pass certificates will be entitled to compete again at the subse- quent examinations with a view to obtain one of the higher certificates, without being bound to attend more than 30 per cent. of the lectures.

The order and scope of the lectures will be in accordance with the following outline :

LECTURE I.—Introductory.

What is Sanitation? Past, present, and future. Its status in medicine, in sociology. Prevention better than cure.

History of present movement. Action taken by the Sanitary Institute of Great Britain. Circular of the Right Honourable the Secretary of State for the Colonies on the matter. Work done in Lagos. Sir W. MacGregor not a stranger to Mauri- tius. Attempt made by the Health Department here to teach Sanitation in the Island.

Survey of the Scheme inaugurated: (i) Form a body of teachers in Sanitation by teaching the subject to the staff of the Government and Aided Schools. (ii) Test the knowledge by examinations, grant certificates according to merit. (iii) Introduce the subject in the curriculum of the Government and Aided Schools. (iv) Give special grants to the certificated teachers of hygiene for the pupils that will pass in the subject.

Anatomy.

Regions of the body. Composition of the body.

Names and situation of principal bones.

Meaning of muscles and of joints, &c.

Enumeration and situation of different organs of the body.

Demonstrations on diagrams.

LECTURE II.-Physiology.

Outline of the functions of the body.

Functions of circulation, respiration, digestion, excretion, innervation. Bearings of the various functions on individual hygiene. LECTURE III.-Outlines of Bacteriology.

Micro-organisms and their rôle, beneficent and injurious. Aerobic and anaerobic. Bacteria, bacilli, micro-cocci, &c.

Their propagation, reproduction and self-protection. How they produce disease. Importance of the subject. Various kinds of fevers, symptomatic fevers.

Principal infectious diseases, especially in connection with the Island. Malaria, small pox, measles, diphtheria, dysentery, enteric, plague, tuberculosis.

LECTURE IV.-Air and Ventilation.

Air-Physical properties. Chemical composition.

Its impurities, gaseous or solids (dust, micro-organisms, &c.). Source of impuri- ties:-1st. Those due to respiration, perspiration, combustion; 2nd. Those derived from wall, floors, &c. Condition of air in different situations: dwelling place, work- rooms, factories, town, country, sea, mines, mountains, marshes. Diseases produced by the impurities: sore throat, inflammation, vomiting, diarrhoea, &c.

Air-borne diseases: small-pox, measles, &c.

Injuries: Asphyxia, from various gaseous poisons, CO, CO, &c. Ventilation. Importance of free ventilation.

Amount of air required. Condition of air in confined places. Supply of fresh air: Action of wind, natural ventilation.

Diffusion, perflation: Position of inlets and outlets.

Artificial ventilation: Heat, mechanical appliances.

LECTURE V-Light, Heat, and Cold.

Moral effects of light. Its beneficial effects.

Light, a form of energy, and therefore a giver of energy.

Effects on plants, on their colouration, &c.

Bacteriological effect of light.

Light in school hygiene.

Heat and cold are two terms to denote various stages of temperature. The

difference between the two is relative and the borderland indefinite.

body.

Heat is a form of energy. Cold is negative.

Action of heat on solids: combustion, melting,

Action of heat on liquids: evaporation, volatilization.

Expansion and contraction. Conduction, convection, radiation.

Heat of body, how produced, and within what range.

(Clothing)-thermometers-0°-freezing point in each thermometer. Effects of heat and cold on the body, on plants, and animals generally. Effect on microbes, of various temperatures.

Sterilization, disinfection, cold storage. Physiological effects of heat and cold. Pathological effects of heat and cold.

Heat and cold in specific fevers.

Rapid changes of temperature. Their advantages and disadvantages for the

LECTURE VI.-Water and Water Supply. ·

i. Properties and composition of water.

Physical properties, effects of changes of temperature.

Chemical composition of rain, spring, river, lake and sea-water

ii. Impurities in water: gases in solution, solid substances in solution and

in suspension.

Micro-organisms in water: pathogenic and non-pathogenic.

Microscopical demonstration.

iii. Storage and distribution.