CO885-(26N14) — Page 256

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213

PRINCIPAL EXPORTS.

Coffee

Raw Cotton

£27,000

Nil

£6,000

£84,000

Rubber

£9,000

£20,000

Tobacco

£25

£00,000

Beeswax

Nil

£5,000

COMMUNICATIONS,

Railway Mileage

Telegraph Mileage

Telephone Mileage

Nil

795

Nil

113

808 4

Trade figures are for years ending March 31st.

In 1916 an extension of the railway (61 miles) was opened. There are 7 steamers on Lake Nyasa and 11 on the Zambesi and Shire, while there is a road mileage of 3,425.

It is a country of good natural communications, which have been supplemented by private railway enterprise and privately owned telegraphs.

The normal revenue is now sufficient to meet normal expenditure, but the Colony has incurred a large War Debt in connection with the Germun East Africa Campaign.

This campaign has interfered with the extension of the railway to Lake Nyasa. Large areas of land bordering the Lake suitable for agricultural enterprise await development pending this railway extension.

The Colony shows all the characteristics of development common to all the British African Crown Colonies where transport has been provided.

The principal crops are cotton, tobacco, tea, chillie, groundnuts, and rubber.

Cotton was first exported in 1903 (692 lbs.), by 1913 this had grown to 3,345,000 lbs. and it will evidently become, in common with Uganda, Nigeria and the Sudan, one of the great future sources of cotton.

Tobacco was first exported in 1899 (50 lbs.), while by 1914 this had increased to 3,896,000 lbs.

The war, by restricting shipping and diverting labour to military duties, has checked the development of tobacco and cotton, but the next few years may well show enormous progress. The value of scientific research was illustrated in 1917 when tobacco had to be stored in bale for long periods owing to lack of transport. As a result of scientific investigation by the Government Entomologist, the tobacco was fumigated and so preserved from the attacks of the tobacco beetle. The death of the Entomologist in November, 1917, was a great loss to the agricultural community.

Nyasaland is one of the sources of Mica, and mines which had been closed were re-opened in 1917 to provide supplies for the Ministry of Munitions.

ZANZIBAR.

There are manufacturing industries, viz., pottery, ropes, soap, oil extracting, jewellery and mata.

The large clove plantations are owned by Arabs, but are mostly mortgaged to Indians. The average crop is 14,000,000 lbs. The crop is somewhat periodic, with a period of three to five years. The 1918-19 crop was a record, 29,000,000 lbs. There are a great variety of crops for local consumption.

By concentrating on two main crops for export, Zanzibar has made substantial progress, but there appears to be a complete lack of enterprise in the development of internal transport, no doubt due to and compensated for by the facilities for sea transport. There are 75 miles of roads suitable for motor transport.

There is no agricultural_education and no secondary education.

It would appear that Zanzibar requires in particular improved educational facilities, improved road transport, agricultural research and some capital for industrial purposes and for better agricultural finance,

EAST AFRICA PROTECTORATE.

Population (1911) (administered provinces only), 2,403,000. Area, 207,909 square miles.

Public Revenue (excluding Imperial Grants)... Public Expenditure

Loan Expenditure, 1901-1913

Public Debt-

***

Shipping entered and cleared, gross tonnage and

including Native Craft

Imports (excluding bullion, specie, goods in transit, and materials for Uganda Government and Uganda Railways)

1901. £68,000 £278,000

1913. £1,124,000

£1,116,000

£346,000

Nil.

718,000

£422,000

3,200,000

£450,000

£71,000 Nil.

£1,879,000

£632,000

£7,922

PRINCIPAL EXPORTS.

Negligible.

£62,000

Negligible.

£32,000

£16,000

£246,000

£2,500

£89,000

£10,000

£23,000

Exports (excluding bullion and specie and goods

which are the produce of Uganda) Exports of Gold and Bullion

Coffee

Copra

Grain and Pulse

Hides, Horus and Skins Rubber

Population (1911), 197,000. Area, 1,020 square miles.

1901.

1918.

Public Revenue

£123,000

Public Expenditure

£121,000

£275,000 £248,000

Loan Expenditure, 1901-1913

£9,980

Public Debt

£96,000

£65,000

Shipping entered and cleared, Net Tonnage

cluding native craft)

595,000

1,668,000

Imports (excluding bullion and specie)

£1,031,000

£942,000

Exports (excluding bullion and specie)

£1,019,000

£990,000

PRINCIPAL EXPORTS.

Clovea

£164,000

£413,000

Copra and chikichi

£120,000

£217,000

COMMUNICATIONS,

Railway Mileage

Nil.

Telegraph Mileage

NII.

Telephone Mileage

Nil.

z

Nil.

310

Zanzibar consists of two main islands, Zanzibar itself, 640 square miles, and Pemba, 380 square miles.

The land is owned mainly by Arabs, but the bulk of the population is a mixture of all kinds of East African mainland tribes. A considerable proportion of the trade is transhipment trade which has decreased largely of recent years owing to the development of mainland ports.

The trade statistics as a whole, therefore, belie the progress of the Protectorate.

It is the world's main source of cloves, which are not indigenous, but the cultivation of which was introduced 100 years ago.

The next industry in importance is the coconut industry.

The lack of proper drying facilities is the cause that the resulting copra is inferior to that produced elsewhere.

COMMUNICATIONS.

Railway Mileage

Telegraph Mileage (excluding that on railways) Telephone Mileage

*;

Trade for years ended March 31st.

584

202

Nil.

618 1,059

69

The trade statistics are a little difficult to interpret because of the large transit trade to and from Uganda, German East Africa and Belgian Congo. In the case of the imports figures given on the previous page these include commercial importations going to these countries. With regard to the exports, those from Uganda are excluded, but the figures include substantial umounts from German East Africa and Belgian Congo.

The Uganda Railway is worked by the East Africa Protectorate Government, but it will be noted that the materials for this railway have been excluded from the import figures given above. The whole Protectorate is in a rapid state of development, and for this reason the pre-war figures are somewhat misleading.

ensue.

As soon as shipping again becomes fully adequate it is certain that great developments will

This Protectorate has had great assistance in transport development, and the capital expen- diture on the Uganda Railway up to March 31st, 1918, was £6,503,177. In 1917-18 it conveyed, exclusive of railway material, 221,601 tons of goods and 548,730 passengers,

The agricultural products are very varied, and include cocoa-nuts, rice, maize, various native grains, wheat, barley, cotton, sisal, rubber, tobacco, potatoes, fruit, vegetables and beans. There are extensive pasture grounds available for cattle, sheep and ostriches.

The forest products are rubber, gum-copal and a variety of valuable timbers. The mineral survey is very incomplete, but iron occurs abundantly, and there is a large deposit of carbonate of soda, while mica and graphite occur.

It is not possible to consider the Protectorate as an isolated territory, but only in conjunction

with Uganda and that part of German East Africa which is now British.

The continuance of the progressive policy of the past will undoubtedly have enormously productive results in this important group of Colonies,

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UGANDA.

Population (1911), 2,843,000. Area, 109, 119 square miles.