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consolidated the opposition of the Kuomintang. That party was

again re-organised in 1919 as the "Chinese Kuomintang". In 1920,

a National Government was proclaimed in Canton with Sun Yat Sen as

President, and its objects became the enforcement of the "Three

People's Principles" or "Sam Min Chu I" of Sun Yat Sen, and the

establishment of his Five-Power Constitution. It is interesting

to observe that the oath of initiation into the party required

'members to swear obedience to orders and the observance of secrecy.

"After various vicissitudes the party established itself at

Canton, and its avowed objects became more and more socialistic

9.

and anti-foreign.

In 1924, Russian assistance was imported by

Sun Yat Sen to re-organize the Kuomintang. The party split into

two factions of which the more extreme approximated to the Communist

party, advocated the unification of China by military force, and

encouraged the formation of unions of peasants and labourers to that

end. During the same year the pro-Communist or Communist section of

the Kuomintang established itself firmly in Canton, having suppressed

the opposition of the Merchant Volunteers.

10. "The country was in a state of ferment. A National Labour

Conference was held in Canton in May, 1925, with 250 delegates said

to represent 570,000 organised labourers. An All-China Labour

Federation was formed and it was decided to affiliate with the Red

International of Labour Unions. There were serious incidents at

Shanghai (30th May), at Hankow and Kiukiang, and Shameen, (the

British Concession at Canton) (23rd June). This was followed by the

Canton-Hong Kong Boycott and General Strike during which about a

hundred thousand labourers left Hong Kong, and which lasted till

10th October, 1926. Meanwhile, on 9th July, 1926, the Northern

Expedition was inaugurated under Chiang Kai Shek who had been

principal of the Whampoa Military Academy, and was appointed

commander-in-chief of the Kuomintang forces, which had been trained

and were directed by Russians. In August, a quarrel between the