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the nineteenth century swollen with the industrial revolution.

hina resisted, accepted, and imitated. Before the end of the

century cotton factories were erected in Shanghai and China came

to be known as an employer's paradise with plentiful, cheap, and

industrious labour. In these factories owned by Chinese, Japanese,

and European companies child labour was common and the old arguments

were resurrected in defence of the practice.

8.

"Dissatisfaction with the incapacity of the Manchu Government

took the traditional form of the formation of more secret societies.

The "Society for the Regeneration of China" or Hsin Chung Hui was

founded by Dr. Sun Yat Sen in Honolulu in 1894 with the avowed

object of driving out the Manchus and regenerating China. The

headquarters of the Society were later transferred to Hong Kong.

In 1905 the Hsin Chung Hui combined with other revolutionary

societies to form the Tung Meng Hui. The purpose of the new society

was to expel the Manchus, regenerate China, establish a republic, and

enforce land nationalization. The revolution which was finally

successful, started on 10th October (now Chinese National Day) 1911,

and Sun Yat Sen became Provisional President on 1st January, 1912.

In 1912 the headquarters of the Tung Meng Hui were moved from Tokyo

to Nanking, and the party was re-organised with Sun Yat Sen as

director. By this time the party have adopted state socialism and

international equality among its professed objects. Later in the

same year the Tung Meng Hui combined with certain other political

parties to form the Kuomintang, from whose profession of policy

state socialism was dropped. The Kuomintang developed into the

political opposition to Yuan Shih Kai who became president of

China in 1913 and who was accused of being a traitor to the Republic.

The Kuomintang was dissolved by Yuan Shih Kai, and was re-organised

by Sun YateSen at Tokyo in 1914. Yuan Shih Kai died in 1916 after

an attempt to restore the monarchy with himself as emperor, which