{
ICHANG-CHUNGKING.
433
tungtsze tree, from which the tung oil is expressed, begins on the hills near Ichang and extends westward into Szechuen. Opium is grown in considerable quantities in the district and greatly interferes with the import of the foreign drug. Ichang is conveni- ently situated as a mart for the tea districts of Hoh-fung-ehow, the produce of which might, it is thought, be made suitable for foreign use. It was generally supposed that, as Ichang is situated at the head of steamer navigation on the Yangtze and occupies a good position for trade, the port would speedily become an important commercial centre. For the first three years these anticipations appeared little like- ly to be realised: the port cut a miserable figure the first year of its existence as a treaty port. Later returns show, however, that Ichang is becoming a siderable distributing centre, and its inward transit trade is now only second to that of Hankow. The total value of the trade for 1882 amounted to Tls. 1,674.341 as compared with Tls. 1,523,005, in 1881, Tls. 2,093,780 in 1880, Tls. 612,508 in 1879, and Tls. 71,014 in 1878. No foreign Opium was imported at this port in 1882, the native drug being generally used. The estimated population of the port is 34,000,
DIRECTORY.
Consulates.
GREAT BRITAIN.
署事領英大
Ta-ying-ling-shih-shu.
Consul-C. T. Gardner
大里國衙
Ta-me-kwok-ya-men
UNITED STATES,
Consul-I. F. Shepard, resi-lug at Hakow
MERCHANT.
Little, Archd. J., merebant
Imperial Maritime Customs.
宜昌閣
I Ch'ang Kuan.
Acting Commissioner-F. A. Morgan
con-
Assistant and Medical Officer-Aug. Henry,
M.A., L.RC.P.
Assistant Examiner-L. Le Breton Tidewaiters-W. F. Kabler, S. G. Grainger Chinese Clerk-Au Kai Ting
ESTABLISHED CHURCH OF SCOTLAND. Rer, George Cockburn, M.A., and Mrs.
Cockburn
Rev. Andrew Dowsl. v, B.A., Mrs. Dousley Peter aud Mrs. Wood, colporteurs
CHUNGKING.
Chungking, one of the most important places in the large inland province of Szechuen, is situated in lat. 29 deg. 33 min. 50 sec. N., and long. 107 deg. 2 min. E., and occupies a rocky peninsula at the junction of the river Kia-ling-kiang with the Upper Yangtze, some 1,2:0 miles from the mouth of that great river. It is surrounded by somewhat low but strong walls, about five miles in circumference, which include the entire peninsula, and have seventeen gates, only nine of which open. The wall were rebuilt in 1761 by the then Viceroy. The city is closely built, every available bit of ground being covered with buildings. The population is estimated at 250,000, which includes that of Kiang-peh Ting, a suburb on the opposite side of the Kia-ling, wrongly described by Blakiston as Li-min.
The city is the headquarters of a large and thriving trade, and from its situation must naturally be a very important mart, but its capabilities and trade have been over-estimated, as also have the resources of the province of Szechuen, of which it is the commercial capital, and it will probably be some time before foreigners will ask for it to be opened to trade. Under the provisions of the Chefoo Convention, a British Con- sular Agent is allowed to reside in Chungking to watch the conditions of British trade in Szechuen, but no attempt has yet been made to accomplish the ascent of the Yangtsze to that point in steamers. A considerable quantity of British and foreig. manufactured goods, however, find their way to Chungking in native craft suited for the navigation of the rapids. The Yangtsze is about 800 yards wide at Chungking, and it is nå-
454
CHUNGKING-CHEFOO.
Tigable for beats of light draught as far as Cheng-tu. From Chungking to this city the Tangisze is properly called the Min-kiang. The Kia-ling is a river of some importance, and a considerable traffic is done où it. Chungking, like most Chinese cities, though pleasingly and picturesquely situated, is dirty and repulsive upon close nejection. The estimated population is 200,000.
DIRECTORY.
BRITISH CONSULAR RESIDENCY.
霧茄*
Ta-ying-ling-shih-chu
Resident-Alexr. Hosie
CHINA INLAND MISSION,
G. and Mrs. Nicoll
A. E. and Mrs. Eason Dr. E. H. Edwards Miss Fausset
(See also Hankow)
NATIONAL BIBLE SOCIETY OF SCOTLAND.
John Wilson, agent
CHEFOO.
Chefoo is situated on the northern side of the Shantung Promontory, in lat. 37 deg. 35 min. 56 sec. N., and long. 124 deg. 22 min. 33 sec. E. The designation by which it is generally lnown among foreigners is a misnomer, as the town of Yentai is really the port to which the name has come to be applied. Chefoo is a harbour in the locality of Yentai, but has no connection with it.
When the town was first occupied by the merchants of other nations, it was in the possession of a number of French troops, and no definite foreign settlement was then marked out. The consequence is that no plan has ever been adopted in the arrangement of the houses, and many of them have been in time surrounded by native buildings. The Chinese town is squalid and uninteresting. It is built on the shore, and possesses a fine sandy beach. The surrounding country is gently undulated for Bome little distance from the town, and beyond that the hills rise to a considerable height and lend to the landscape an interesting and varied aspect.
Chefoo of late years has become the resort of many foreign residents in China in consequence of its very salubrious climate. It is said to be the healthiest port in China In winter, when the Pei-bo is frozen, merchandise and mails for Tientsin and some of the more northern cities are landed at this port and conveyed to their destina- tions overland. The harbour is commodious and possesses sufficient depth of water for vessels of considerable draught, but it is exposed to strong gales which prevail at certain seasons of the year. Chefoo is celebrated as the place where Sir Thomas Wade and Grand Secretary Li Hung-chang concluded the “Chefoo Convention in September, 1876, and thus brought to a termination the negotiations which had been pending so long respecting the reparation demanded by the British Government for the murder of Mr. A. B. Margary in Yunnan. The population of Chefoo is estimated at 35,000.
The trade of Chefoo, like that of Newchwang, is principally in Beancake and Beans, of which large quantities are annually exported to the southern ports of China. In 1882, the net export of Beancake amounted to 1,252,321 piculs and of Beans to 139,952 piculs, as against 1,086,488 piculs of the former and 167,833 picula of the latter in 1881. The quantity of Opium imported in 1882 amounted to 1,124 picule as compared with 1,759 piculs in 1881, and 2,402 picule in 1880. This import steadily declined for several years, owing partly to the increased cultivation of the poppy in Shantung and partly to the de el'ul famines which have defolnted the