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THE CALENDAR FOR ISS4.
Adjustme at of the Cule ilir.
Julius Carr was the first to rtempt to adjust the length of the your with any degree of accuring, and fixed it at 355 days 6 hours; introducing a day every fourth Fear (called leap year), which accordingly consists of 360 days, while the three others have only 365 days each.
Froin him it was called the Julian Year, and it continue in general use till the year 1582, when Pope Gregory XIII. undert» k to rectify th error which then existed between the Julian year of 3051 days and the solar year of 395-2122013 days. At that time the difference amounted to ten days; he accordingly commanded the ten days between the 4th and 15th October in that year to be struck out, so that the 5th day was called the 15th. This alteration has been introduced throughout Europe, except in Russia and by the Greek Church, and the year was afterwards called the Gregorian Year, or New Style.
In England the method of reckoning after the New Style was not admitted into the Calendar til the year 1722, when the error amounted to nearly eleven days, which were taken from the month of September, by calling the 3rd of that month the 15th, and it was settled by Act of Parliament (2) Gen. II., 1751), that the years 1800, 1900, 2100, 2200, 2300, and every hundredth year of our Lord which shall happen in time to come, shall be computed as each consisting of 365 days only, excepting every fourth hundredth year, whereof the yew 2009 should be the first.
By the same Act of Parliament the legal beginning of the year was changed from the 25th of March to the 1st of January, so that the succeeding mouths of January, February, and March.up the 24th diy, which by the Old Style would have been reckoned part of the year 1762, were accounted as the three first months of 1763, which is the reason we sometimes meet with such a date as :—
March 10th, 1774-75.
That is, according to the Oll Style it is 1771, according to the New 1775.
Gollen Nimalar.
Epact..
Solar Cvele..
4 | Dominical Letter
3
Roman Todiction
17
Julian Period
FE
12
..6597
The Solar Cycle, or Cycle of the Sun, is a period of 25 years, after which all the Dominical Lotters return in the same order as they did ducing the 28 years before. The first year of the Christian Era is the tenth of this Cycle.
The Lunar Cycle, or Cycle of the Moon, cominouly called the Golden number, and sometimes the Mietonic Cycle (from Meton, an Athenian philosopher, who invented it about 432 years before the birth of Christ), is a revolution of 19 years, in which time the conjunctions, oppositions, and other aspects of the Moon are within an hour and a half of being the same as they were on the same days of the months 19 years before. The Prime, or Golden number, is the number of years elapsed in this Cycle. Before the birth of Christ two years of this Cycle had elapsed.
The Roman inliction is a period of 15 years, and used by the Romans for the time of taxing their provinces. Three years of one of these Cycles had elapsed before the birth of Christ.
The Julian period couteins 7980 years, and arises from multiplying together 28 19, and 15, being the Cycles of the Sun, Moon, and Iudiction. This was contrived by Joseph Juste Scaliger, in 1583, for Chronological purposes, and is assumed as a fixed Era in calculations by all Astronomers and Chronologers throughout the Christian world. Its beginning is placed 710 years before the usual date of the ercation of the world, or 4714 before the commencement of the Christian Era.
A Solar (average) day is..
A Sidereal day is
A Lunar (average) day is An average Tidal day is
TIME.
DAYO.
Hro. His. Sex.
24 00 0·00
23 56 4.00
24 52 0·00
24 49 0.03
ECLIPSEN-TESTIVAL DAYS.
A Lunar sidereal mouth is..
Days. Hrs. Min. Sec.
27
43 11.5
17
};
"}
12
synodic tropical anomalistic
""
nolal
11
Moon's inclination to the Ecliptic
""
Excentricity
MONTHS,
Distance from the earth in radii.
The anomalistic year is.
A sidereal year is...
A common, or tropical year, is
A lunar year is
ŏ 36'
20 12 44 2.87
27 7
43 4.7
27 13
18 374
27 5
00 50
8 47.9
0.0548442 60-67
YEARS.
..365 6
Days. Hrs. Min.
13
Sec. 49.3
365
6
9 13.7
.365
5
48 49.7
.364
48 3444
ECLIPSES IN 1884.
In the year 1981 there will be five Eclipses, threo of the Son, and two of the Moon, all invisible
at Greenwich except October 1th.
L-A small Eclipse of the Sun, on March 27th, it begins at 5h. 11m. a.m., its middle at Gh. 2ni. n.m., when about one-sevouth of the Sun's diameter will be obscured, and it ends at 6h 51m. a.mi.
II-A Total Eclipse of the Moon on April 10th, begins at 9h. 52m. a m.; the Total Eclipso begins 11h. n..., the middle et 11h. 47m. a.m.; the Total Eclipso onda at 19h. 33m. p.m, and the Eclipse ends at 1h. 44m. p.m.
III-A Partial Eclipse of the Sun on April 25th, begins at 1h. p.m. The greatest Eclipse, which will be about three-fourths of the Sun's diameter, will be at 2h. 48 p.m., and the Eclipse ends at Th. 32m. p.m., in long. 12 deg. ! E of Greenwich and lat 33 deg. S.
IV-Total Eelipso of the Moou on the evening of October 4th, and visible at Greenwich; it begins at 9. 15m. pan., the middle at 10h. 18 p., and the Eclipse ends at 11h, 19m. p.m., when the Moon will be a little W. of S. havig passed the Meridian by 23. The Moon rises on October ith, at 5h. Om. p.m., nud is dac S. at 11h. 26in. p.m.
VA Parti Eclipse of the Sun, on October 18th, begins at 10h. 20m. p.m.; its 'midlo on October 1911, at 12h. 18in. a.m., when more than six-tenths of the Sun's diameter will be obscured, and it will end on October 19th, at 2h. 16m. a.m., in long. 13; dog. 4 W. of Greenwich, and lat. 33 dog. N.
RULES FOR ASCERTAINING DATES OF MOVEABLE FEASTS. Easter day is the first Sunday after the first Ecclesiastical full moon following the 21st March, or if the moon happens ou a Sunday, Easter Day is the Sunday following. Advent Sunday is the nearest Sunday to St. Andrew's Day, whether before or after. Rogation Sunday is Five weeks after Easter Day. Ascension Day is Forty days after. Whit Sunday is Seven weeks after. Trinity Sunday is Eight
weeks after.
FIXED AND MOVEABLE FESTIVALS, ANNIVERSARIES,
Epiphany
&ptuagesima. Sunday Quinquagesima-Shrove
Ash Wednesday
St. David
1st Srn, in Lent
St. Patrick Lady Day
Palm Sunday Good Fridey
Easter Sraday Jam Sunday St. Cleorge Rogation Bandag
ETC., ETC.
.Jan. 6 Ascension Day; Holy Thursday.. May 22 ................Feb. 10 | Birth of Queen Victoria
Sunday... Feb. 24 | Pentecost-Whit Sunday.
Feb. 27 Trinity Sunday.. .Mar. 1 Corpus Christi.
.Mar. 2 Accession of Queen Victoria.
Mar. 17 Proclamation
.Mar. 25 St. John Bapt.--Midsum. Day April 6 St. Michael-Michaelmas Day April 11 Birth of Prince of Wales
April 13 St. Andrew
April 20|1st Sunday in Adeent April 23 St. Thomas
May 18 Christmas Day
.May 21
.June 1
.June 8.
.June 12
.June 20
.June 21
..Juue 24
.Sept. 29
Nov. 9
.Nov. 30
Nov. 30
+
.Dec. 21
.Dec. 25