THE CALENDAR FOR ISS4.
Adjustne at of the Cole & Tor.
with
any
Julius Caesar was the first to rtempt to adjust the length of the year degree of accur wy, and fixed it at 365 days 6 hours; introducing a day every fourth year (called leap year), which necordingly 'consists of 366 days, while the three others have only 365 days each.
From him it was called the Julian Year, and it continued in genral use till the year 1582, when Pope Gregory XHI, undert» le to rectify the error which then existed between the Julian year of 3654 days and le solar year of 345-2122013 days At that time the difference amounted to ten days; he accordingly commanded the ten days between the 4th and 15th October in that year to be struck out, so that the 5th day was called the 15th. This alteration has been introduced throughout Europe, except in Russia and by the Greek Church, and the year was afterwards called the Gregorian Year, or New Style.
In England the method of reckoning after the New Style was not admitted into the Calendar till the year 1722, when the error amounted to nearly eleven days, which were taken from the month of September, by calling the 3rd of that month the 11th, and it was settled by Act of Parliament (21 Geo. II., 1751), that the years 1800, 1900, 2100, 2200, 2300, and every hundredth year of our Lord which shall happen in timo to come, still be computed as each consisting of 365 days only, excepting every fourth hundredth year, whereof the year 2009 should be the first.
By the same Act of Parliament the legal beginning of the year was changed from the 25th of March to the 1st of Jannary, so that the succeeding months of January, February, and March.up the 24th day, which by the Old Style would have been reckoned part of the year 1762, were accounted as the three first months of 1763, which is the reason we sometimes meet with such a date as :-
March 10th, 1774-75.
That is, according to the Old Style it is 1774, according to the New 1775.
Golden Nurlar..
Epact....
Solar Cycle..
4 | Dominical Letter
3
Roman Iudiction
17 Julian Period
FE
12
.6597
The Solar Cycle, or Cycle of the Sun, is a period of 28 years, after which all the Dominical Latters return in the same order as they did during the 28 years before. The first year of the Christian Era is the tenth of this Cycle.
The Lunar Cycle, or Cycle of the Moon, cominonly called the Golden number, and sometimes the Metonic Cycle (from Meton, an Athenian philosopher, who invented it about 432 years before the birth of Christ), is a revolution of 19 years, in which time the conjunctions, oppositions, and other aspects of the Moon are within an hour and a half of being the same as they were on the same days of the months 19 years before. The Prime, or Golden number, is the number of years elapsed in this Cycle. Before the birth of Christ two years of this Cycle had elapsed.
The Roman indiction is a period of 15 years, and used by the Romans for the time of taxing their provinces. Three years of one of these Cycles had elapsed before
the birth of Christ.
The Julian period contains 7950 years, and arises from multiplying together 28 19, and 15, being the Cycles of the Sun, Moon, and Indiction. This was contrived by Joseph Juste Scaliger, in 1583, for Chronological purposes, and is assumed as a fixed Era in calculations by all Astronomers and Chronologers throughout the Christian world. Its beginning is placed 710 years before the usual date of the creation of the world, or 4714 before the commencement of the Christian Era.
A Solar (average) day is..
A Sidereal day is
A Lunar (average) day is An average Tidal day is
TIME.
DAYS.
Ers. Xia. Sea
24 00 0·00
23 56 4-09
24 52 0·00
24 48 0.03
ECLIPSES-PESTIVAL DAYS,
A Luuar sidereal month is..
"
synodic
21
"
tropical
"
37
anomalistic nodal
19
Moon's inclination to the Ecliptic.
Excentricity
MONTHS.
Days. Hrs.
27 7
29
12
Distance from the earth in radii.
27
7
Min. Sec. 43 115 44 2-87 43 4.7 18 37-4
36.
W
27 13 27 5
8 47.9
00 50
0·0548442
60-67
YEARS.
Days. Hrs. Min.
Sec.
The anomalistic year is............
.365
6
13
49.3
A sidereal year is...
365
6
13.7
A common, or tropical year, is.
365
5
48 49.7
A lunar year is
..364
8
48
34.44
ECLIPSES IN 1884.
In the year 1881 there will be five Eclipses, three of the Son, and two of the Moon, all invisible
at Greenwich except October 1th.
-I.—A small Eclipse of the Sun, on March 27th, it begins at 5h. 11m. a.m., its middle at 6h. 2m. n.m., when about one.seventh of the Sun's diameter will be obscured, and it ends at 6h 51m. a.m.
I-A Total Eclipse of the Moon on April 10th, begins at 9h. 52m. a m.; the Total Eclipse begins 11h. n..., the middle at 1th. 47m. a.m.; the Total Eclipso onda at 12h. 33m. p.m, and the Eclipse enda nt. Th. 41mm. p.m.
LA Partial Eclipse of the Sun on April 25th, begins at 1h. p.m. The greatest Eclipse, which will be about three-fourths of the Sun's diameter, will be at 2h. 46m p.m., and the Eclipse ends at 1h. 32m- p.m., in long. 12 deg. 4 E of Greenwich and lat. 33 deg. S.
IV Total Eelipso of the Moon on the evening of October 4th, and visible at Greenwich; it begins at 9. 15m. p.m., the middle at 101. 18 p.m., and the Eclipse ends at 11h, 49m. p.m., when the Moon will be a little W. of S. having passed the Meridian by 23m. The Moon rises on Octobar 14th, at 5h. Om. p., and is dae S. at 11h. 26m. p.m.
1
V-A Parti! Eclipse of the Sun, on October 18th, begins at 10h. 20m. p.m.; it 'midillo on October Bil, at 12h. 15m. a.m., when more than six-tenths of the Sun's diameter will be obscured, and it will end on October 19th, at 2h. 16m. a.m., in long. 13: deg. 4 W. of Greenwich, and lat. 33 deg. N.
RULES FOR ASCERTAINING DATES OF MOVEABLE FEASTS. Easter day is the first Sunday after the first Ecclesiastical full moon following the 21st March, or if the moon happens ou a Sunday, Easter Day is the Sunday following. Advent Sunday is the nearest Sunday to St. Andrew's Day, whether before or after. Rogation Sunday is Five weeks after Easter Day. Ascension Day
is Forty days after. Whit Sunday is. Seven weeks after. Trinity Sunday is Eight
weeks after.
FIXED AND MOVEABLE FESTIVALS, ANNIVERSARIES,
Epiphany
Septuagesima Sunday Quinquagesima-Shrove
Ash Wednesday
St. David
1st Sen. in Lent
St. Patrick
Lady Day
Palm Sunday
Good Friday.
Easter Sunday Lom Sunday St. George
Rogation Sunday
ETC.,
ETC.
Jan. 6 Ascension Day; Holy Thursday, ...Feb. 10| Birth of Queen Victoria
Sunday...Feb, 21 | Pentecost-Whit Sunday
.Feb. 27 | Trinity Sunday.. .Mar. 1 Corpus Christi.
.Mar. 2 Accession of Queen Victoria.
Mar. 17 Proclamation
.Mar. 25 St. John Bapt.--Midsum. Day
May 22 May 24
.June 1 .Juno 8.
. June 12
.June 20
June 21
April 6 St. Michael-Michaelmas Day..Sep'. 29 April 11
Birth of Prince of Wales
April 13 St. Andrew
April 20 | 1st Sunday in Adcent
April 23 St. Thomas
.May 18 Christmas Day
..June 24
Nov. 9
.Nov. 30
.Nov, 30
.Dec. 21
.Dec. 25
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