350
SHANGHAI.
The Expenditure amounted to Tls. 114,723.03
Secretariat...
Public Works (including Lighting) Police
Tls. 23,205.29 65,283.16 28,234.58
Tls. 114,723.03
The revenue and expenditure for 1882 were estimated at Tls. 112,264.
The Foreign population has considerably decreased from what it was at one time. The census of 1865 gave the number of foreign residents in the three Settlements as 2,757, army and navy (British) 1,851, shipping 981, a total of 5,589. By the census of 1880 there were in the Settlements north of the Yang-king-pang a total of 2,197 foreigners, 1,168 in the English division and 1,029 in Hongkew and Po tung; of these 1,171 were males, 502 females, and 524 children. The proportion of different nationalities was 1,044 (or about one-half) British, 285 Portuguese, 230 American, 190 German, 76 Spanish, 41 French, 32 Danish, 57 of various other European nationalities, 168 Japanese, and 74 Manilamen and other Asiatics. While the adult European male population hal decreased since the census of 1870 by 110, the number of women and children had increased by 641, that is they had nearly trebled in ten years. The French Concession contains 350 foreigners, the greater proportion being French and the remainder mostly from other European Continental countries. These figures do not include the population afloat, which may be estimated at 800 or over. Although the Chinese have no right of residence within the Foreign Settle- ment, and indeed were expressly prohibited by the original Land Regulations, some twenty thousand sought refuge within the boundaries from the rebels in 1854, and when the city was besieged by the Taipings in 1860 there were, it is said, at least four hundred thousand natives within the Settlements. As they found some amenities from "squeezing" when under the protection of foreigners, and foreigners themselves being able to obtain a much higher rental for their land, and finding native house property a very profitable investment, no opp sition was made to their residence. In 1865 there were in the three Settlements 146,000. The numbers by the last census (June, 1880) were:-In the British Settlement 68,652, in Hongkew 25,323, in Foreign Hongs in both Settlements 5,218, in villages and buts 2,541, in shipping and boats 6,078, total 107,812. The native population of the French Concession is 34,000, and the boat population about 5,000, say a total for the three Settlements and afloat of 147,000. Nearly two-thirds are adult males. A large proportion are natives of Chekiang and Kwangtung, those in the direct employ of foreigners being almost exclusively from these provinces. The population of the native city is supposed to be about 125,000. The large congregation of natives in the Settlements is kept in adunirable order by a Police force of 31 foreigners and 160 natives for the north of the Yang-king pang, and 38 foreigners and 33 natives for the French Concession. Considering that the natives have to be tried by their own authorities, and that bribery doubtless works its effects in Shanghai as elsewhere in China, the organization and efficiency of this small force is highly creditable. In few places is life and property more secure.
The climate of Shanghai is generally allowed to be fairly healthy. The death rate amongst foreigners ashore and afloat during the past twelve years has ranged from 22.3 per thousand (in 1875) to 37 per 1,000 in 1881. The increas in the death rate in 1881 is attributed to the unusual prolongation of the period of damp heat, the increase in the native population, and the increase in the number of women and children. Partial outbreaks of cholera have occurred three times in recent years, tere having been sixteen deaths amongst foreigners from this cause in 1877, the same number the next year and thirteen in 1881, but the great majority of the cases occurred among the ships in harbour. One foreign resident succumbed to this disease in 1878 and two in 1881. If we exclude non-residents the rate has varied from 19 per 1,000 in 1876, to 23.56 per 1,000 in 1881, a rate which compares
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