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HONGKONG.
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also two fortnightly papers, which are published on the morning of the departure of the English mail, namely, the China Overland Trade Report (the commercial journal of the Far East), and the Overland China Mail. The Hongkong Catholic Register is a religious paper published weekly. The Chronicle and Directory for China, Japan, &c, appears annually, and is issued from the Daily Press office. The China R. view, which is devoted to reviews and papers on Chinese topics, is published once every two months. The native Press is represented by three daily papers-the Chung Ngoi San Po, which is the oldest, published at the Daily Press Office; the Wa Tsz Yat Po, or Chinese Mail; and the Tsun Wan Yat Po, or Universal Circulating Herald. There is also a bi-weekly called Kam Sz Ping Luk. The Government Gazette is published once a week.
Manufactures are represented by two large sugar refineries, the China and the Wanchai, a Distillery, and some native factories. Among the industries pursued by the Chinese are glass blowing, vermillion manufacture, tanning, dyeing; beac-curd, tooth-powder, match, cigar and tobacco making, &c.
There are several villages on the island, the largest of which is Shau-ki Wan, situate in a bay in the Li-ü Mun Pass. Aberdeen, on the south of the island, possesses a well sheltered little harbour, much frequented by fishing craft. Two large docks of the Hongkong and Whampoa Dock Company are also situated there, and add to the importance of the place. Pokfolum, on the road to Aberdeen, about four miles from Victoria, is a plac of resort for European residents in the lot weather, and some elegant bungalows have been erected in pleasant and picturesque situations, commanding fine sea views and cool breezes. The sanitarium of the French Missions is located at Pokfolum, and is a fine building with an elegant chapel attached. Stanley, situated in a small bay on the south-east of the island, was once the site of a military station, but the barracks were pulled down a few years back, and the village is stagnant. There are good carriage roads from Victoria both to Aberdeen and Shau-ki Wan, and a bridle road to Stanley. A good bridle road leads up to the summit of Victoria Peak, with other paths branching off from it along the adjoining hills. Within the past three years the number of bungalows on and about the Peak has increased so much that they now form quite an alpine village.
Across the harbour is the dependency of British Kowloon. This peninsula was ceded to Great Britain in 1861. It has an area of four square miles, and, though formerly a most arid and desolate strip of land, has latterly made considerable pro- gress. Yau-ma Ti, the principal village, has largely increased in population, and bids fair to become an important town. A number of European houses and a club have been erected and numerous gardens laid out at Tsim-sha Tsui, which place is much resorted to by the British and foreign residents. Steam ferries ply regularly between this place, Yau-ma Ti, and Victoria.
The total population of the Colony of Hongkong according to the census of 1876, was 139,144, showing an increase of 17,159 since 1872, when the preceding census was taken. The European community was larger by 247, but this increase was solely due to the immigration of Portuguese from Macao. Nearly every other nationality showed a consid rable reduction, there being 86 British, 12 German, 12 American, and 10 Danish male adult residents fewer than in 1872. The total population of the city of Victoria was returned at 111,684; that of Kowloon at 7,704; of Shau-ki Wau 3,011; of Aberdeen 1,669; and Stanley 944. The rest of the population is distributed among the smaller villages and the boat population other than in Victoria harbour. The total British and foreign population numbered 7,525, but the residents proper are returned at 2,767, the former figures including the naval and military establishments, police, shipping in harbour, and temporary residents. The Indians and others of mixed blood numbere 1,451. Since the census of 1876 the Chinese population has considerably increased, and the population of the Colony may now be roughly estimated at 150,000.
Hongkong formerly enjoyed a most unenviable notoriety for unh althiness, and in years past the troops garrisoned here undoubtedly suffered severely. A great deal of the sickness in the early days of the Colony was caused by excavating and other-
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