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372
JAPAN.
of the twenty-three local Courts and the four Supreme Courts at Tokio, Sendai' Nagasaki, and Osaka, over which the Daishin In presides at Tokio.
Frevious to te last change of Government, which restored the ancient Imperial régime, the administrative authority rested with the Shogun (Military Commander) whom foreigners were at first led to recognise as the temporal sovereign, and with whom they negotiated treaties of peace and commerce. The Shogunate was founded in 1184 by Yoritomo, a general of great powers and ability, and was continued through several dynasties until 1869 when the Tokugawa family were dispossessed of the usurped authority. Under the Shogun two hundred and fifty Daimios (feudal princ s) shared the administrative power, being practically supreme in their respective domains, condition ally upon their loyalty to the Shogun; and the Mikado's power was thus reduced to a shadow. A list of Daimios, published at Yedo (now Tokio) in 1862 stated their incomes to vary from 10,000 koku of rice to 1,000,000, while that of the Shogun is said to have amounted to 8,000,000 koku. All these princes, after the overthrow of the Shogunate, surrendered at will their estates and every attribute of authority to the Mikako, and are now ranked as Kuazoku (noblemen) quietly living in Tokio.
REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE.
The estimated total revenue of Japan for the year 1879-80 was given in official returns at $55,651,379, and the total expenditure at the same amount.
The sources of revenue and branches of expenditure were as follow:-
REVENUE.
Customs Duty and Miscellaneous Incomes connected therewith $ 2,181,310 Land Tax
Mining Tax
Tax on Official Incomes
Tax on Productions of the Northern Provinces
Tax on Alcoolic Liquors, &c.
Tax on Tobacco
•
Stamp Tax on Legal Documents
Postage Stamps
Various Taxes and License Fees
Income derived from Mines
Income derived from Railways
...
Income derived from Mint of Finance Department Income derived from Various Manufactures, etc. Income derived from Government Property Miscellaneous Receipts
Repayment of Debts due to Government
•
41,000,950
11,537
81,992
363,971
+
4,507,272
348,674 539,168
1,050,000 1,197,955
218,960 391,100
506,000
78,880
712,560
4.
1,647,745
813,304
Total Estimated Revenue
EXPENDITURE.
Reduction of Domestic Debts
Reduction of Foreign Debt
Civil List and Appanages of Imperial Princes Various Pensions and Gratuities
Council of State (Dai Jo Kuwan)
Senate (Gen Ro In)
Foreign Department (Gai Mu Sho). Home Department (Nai Mu Sho)...
Finance Department (O Kura Sho)....
War Department (Riku Gun Sho) Navy Department (Kai Gun Sho) Educational Department (Mon Bu Sho) Public Works Department (Ko Bu Sho).......
...
...
•
...
...
$55,651,379
$19,518,169
1,682,112 877,000 1,059,404
300,860
142,480
170,960
1,275,500
1,505,300
7,190,200
2,636,300
1,139,870
591,300
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$ 38,089,455
mau ny Google
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