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Missionaries.
TIENTSIN-PEKING.
365
ROMAN CATHOLIC.
Rev. F. Wynhoven
LONDON MISSIONARY SOCIETY. Rev. J. Lees
Rev. Dr. Kenneth Mackenzie
METHODIST MISSIONARY SOCIETY,
TIENTSIN AND LAOLING. Rev. J. Innocent and family Rev. J. Robinson and family Rev. G. T. Chandlin
D. Stenhouse, M.D. and family Rev. J. Hinds
AMERICAN BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS
FOR FOREIGN MISSIONS. Rev. C. A. and Mrs. Stanley Rev. A. H. and Mrs. Smith Rev. H. D. Porter, M.D.
AMERICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL
MISSION.
Rev. G. R. Davis
Rev. L. W. Pilcher
GENERAL HOSPITAL FOR EUROPEANS. Sister Superior-Jos. Doyer and six Sis-
ters of Charity
Imperial Arsenal.
Engineers-J. Stewart, A. Black
Cartridge maker-C. J. Shortland
INDEPENDENT ORDER OF GOOD TEMPLARS.
Union Lodge, No. 2.
G. Dufour, Lodge Deputy
KALGAN.
順豐
Chun-fung.
Tokmakoff, Sheveleff & Co., merchants N. P. Chechmaroff, agent
A. F. Koolakoff
S. S. Sampiloff
PEKING.
The present capital of China was formerly the Northern capital only, as its name denotes, but it is now really the metropolis of the Central Kingdom. Peking is situated on a sandy plain 13 miles S.W. of the Pei-ho river, and about 110 miles from its mouth, in latitude 39.54 N. and longitude 116.27 E. or nearly on the parallel of Naples. A canal connects the city with the Pei-ho. Peking is ill adapted by situa tion to be the capital of a great Empire, nor is it in a position to become a great manufacturing or industrial centre. Tae products of all parts of China naturally find their way to the seat of Government, but it gives little but bullion in return.
From Dr. Dennys's description of Peking we quote the following brief historical sketch: "The city formerly existing on the site of the southern portion of Peking was the capital of the Kingdom of Yan. About 222 B.C., this Kingdom was over- thrown by the Chin dynasty and the seat of Government was removed elsewhere. Taken from the Chins by the Khaitans about 936 A.D., it was some two years after- wards made the southern capital of that people. The Kin dynasty subduing the Khaitans, in their turn took possession of the capital, calling it the 'Western Residence.' About A.D. 1151, the fourth sovereign of the Kins transferred the court thither, and named it the Central residence. In 1215, it was captured by Genghis Khan. In 1264, Kublai Khan fixed his residence there, giving it the title of Chung- tu, or Central residence, the people at large generally calling it Shun-tien-fu. In 1267 A.D., the city was transferred 3 li (one mile) to the North of its then site, and was then called Ta-tu-'the Great Residence.' The old portion became what is now known as the Chinese city' and the terms Northern' and 'Southern' city, or more commonly nei-cheng (within the wall) and wai-cheng (without the wall), came into use. The native Emperors who succeeded the Mongol dynasty did not, however, continue to make Peking the seat of Government. The court was shortly afterwards removed to Nanking, which was considered the chief city of the Empire until, in 1421, Yung Lo, the 3rd Emperor of the Ming dynasty, again held his court at Peking, since which date it has remained the capital of China."
C
The present city of Peking is divided into two portions, the Northern or Tartar city and the Southern or Chinese. The former is being gradually encroached upon
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