GEOGRAPHICAL AND STATISTICAL.
889
and many of them were possessed of large bodies of troops. All these, with their fortified castles, and every attribute of authority, the Daimios surrendered, after more or less resistance, to the hereditary Emperor.
Revenue, Public Debt, and Army.
The total revenue of Japan for the year 1874 was given in official returns at £9,750,000, and the total expenditure at £9,320,000, leaving a surplus of £430,000. The sources of revenue and branches of expenditure were as follows:-
Land tax....
SOURCES OF Revenue.
Ground rent, licences to trade, and other taxes in the three cities
of Yedo, Kiôto, and Ozaka...
Various license tickets.....
Ship tax...
Servants', carriage, and horse tax.
Stamps.
Alcoholic liquors...
Oil pressing.
Sugar..
Miscellaneous.
Maritime and Customs' duties..
Post Office....
Railways and Telegraphs.
£8,053,300
62,000
67,000
7,000
13,000
260,000
155,000
11,000
57,000
204,000
364,000
40,000
40,000
Revenue of the Hokaido.
71,000
Incidental Receipts....
346,000
Total Revenue...
9,750,000
BRANCHES OF EXPENDITURE.
Redemption of public debt.............
£102,000
Public debt bearing interest.
221,000
Internal debt to be repaid..
50,000
Foreign debt interest..
Pensions
Buildings.
Foreign relations..
Council of State..........
Government Departments, including War (£1,600,000) and
Navy (£360,000)...
Police
Foreign Legations and Consulates..
Incidental expenses...
115,000
2,523,000
800,000
20,000
66,000
4,271,000
170,000
22,000
911,000
Total expenditure.....
9,320,000
The public debt of Japan was stated in 1875 to consist of £5,143,000 internal, about half of which bears no interest, and of £1,102,000 foreign liabilities, comprising a 9 per cent. loan of £1,000,000 issued in 1870, and a 7 per cent. loan of £2,400,000 contracted in London, at the price of 921, in January, 1875.
The armed force of Japan is composed, since 1869, of a single element, the troops kept by the Mikado, who constitute the Imperial army. The number of Daimios who formerly bad troops in their service amounted to 200, and they together maintained an effective force of 370,000 infantry and 40,000 cavalry, forming the Federal army, and placed at the orders of the Tycoon when the independence of the country was threatened. The Imperial army, placed under the command of the Mikado, is very small. Its exact strength is not known, but it probably does not exceed 80,000 men, comprising all arms. The infantry is formed into regiments, manœuvring like the French soldiers, and armed on the same model. A number of Japanese officers and sub-officers were in recent years instructed by French military men at Yokobama.