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northwest, west, south, and southeast, and it will see canals and water-courses, cultivated fields and snug farmhouses, smiling cot- tages, family residences, hamlets and villages, family tombs, mo- nasteries and temples. Turn it in the opposite direction, and your vision is not bounded by rising mountains, except in the east. Though it is chiefly a plain country in this region also, you perceive it must unite with the ocean. The land scenery is much the same as in the former instance, but the river swarining as if alive with all kinds of boats and the banks studded with ice-houses, most of all attract the attention. If you turn the eye from without, and, while you continue standing upon the rainparts, look within at the city, you will be no less gratified. Here there is nothing European; there is little to remind you of what you have seen in the west. The single storied and the double storied houses-low but irregular, the heavy prison-like family mansions, the family vaults and graveyards, the glittering spires of the temples, the dilapidated official resi- dences, the deserted literary and examination halls, and the promi- nent sombre' tower of Ningpo,' are entirely Chinese. The attention is also arrested for a momeut or two by ditches, canals, and reservoirs of water, with their wooden bridges and stone arches, &c., &c. A walk upon the walls, from the northeast, or the Confucius gate,' round by the north to the south gate, on a cool evening, is delightful. There are kitchen gardens in that quarter of the city, with not a few trees in some of them, which give shelter to birds of several varieties. Wild fowl have been seen here.
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Sauntering upon the walls, we occasionally fell in with a child's coffin. In one place, a mat bundle with a straw wisp round it, thrust into a loop hole in the parapet, was pointed out as the deposit of some illegitimate offspring, that had been concealed there to hide the crime of the guilty woman. This was told me, however, as a mere conjecture, founded upon the practice in such instances-which were, at the same time, said to be of rare occurrence.
Along the foot of the ramparts, we observed many coffins strewed about. Some had been broken up through age, some had been burst open by hands of ruthless foreigners, and some (especially those that appear to have been recently laid down) had been rummaged by thieves or by hungry dogs. This exposure of coffins, both within and withont the city, is the most forbidding spectacle I have witness- ed since I came here. I anı told that they contain the remains -of