446
Topography of Chili
Arg.
bly greatly improved under the culture of the Chinese who have emi- grated thither. Tribes of Mongols inhabit its northern and western frontiers.
IV. The department of Yungping forms the most eastern portion of the province, south of the Wall. Its shape is triangular-the Wall being on the north; the sea or gulf on the southeast; while the Lwán hỏ, or a line near it, makes the southwest boundary. It is neither very extensive nor fertile. The
Shánhái kwán,
or Hill-sea barrier, stands near the coast, where the Wall terminates in that direction. Du Halde says that it is a fort standing near the Wall; but according to our maps it appears to be a fortified pass in the Wall itself.
V.
The department of Hókien is bounded, on the north by Shun- tien; on the east, by Tientsin; on the southeast and south, by Shán- tung; on the southwest, by Kwangping; on the west, by Kí chau and Shin chau; and on the northwest, by Páuting fú. The name of this department, interpreted, signifies the "region between rivers." 'Three run through it, almost parallel one with another, from the Southwest to the northeast. The whole department is apparently one plain, and nearly on a level with that about Tientsin.
VI.
The department of Tientsin is bounded, on the north by what is usually called the Pei hó, but which is named, in the maps before us,
Chikú; on the east by the sea; on the southeast and south, by Shantung; on the west, by Hókien; and on the north- west, by Shuntien fú. The river, which serves as a part of the Grand Canal, runs from the south to the north near the western boundary of the department.
VII.
The department of Chingting is bounded, on the west by the province of Sháusí; on the north, by Ting chau; on the east, by Kí chau; and on the south, by Siáu chau. A few miles east of north from Peking, the Great Wall divides into two branches-oue stretch- ing off to the west and north, the other to the southwest; the latter, after forming the northwestern boundary for the departments of Shuntien, Yi, Páuting, and Chingting, here terminates at the south- west of this department, on the banks of a river called the b
Sihán hó. This, and three other rivers, which have their sources
in Shansi, after intersecting the Wall, flow eastward, two of them emptying their waters into the Siting lake; and the others, after uniting their waters, empty themselves into another lake, called the
寧晉泊 Ningtsin pr.