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Topography of Kiúngsú.
APRIL,
The chief magistrates of Yánghú and Wútsin have their residences at Chángchau: north from this city, and on the northern bank of the Great river, is Tsingkiáng; on the east are Kiángyin, close on the southern bank of the Great river, and Kinkwei and Wúyáng, the chief magistrates of the last two both residing in one and the same city; on the south are the departments I'hing and Kingkí.
V. The department of Chinkiáng is a narrow strip of territory stretching from the Great river on the north to the province of A ́n- hwui on the south, having the department of Chángchau on the east, and that of Kiángning on the west. The district of Tántú has the residence of its magistrate at the city of Chinkiứng, close on the southern bank of the Great river; Tányáng is also not far from the Great river, southeast froin Chinkiáng; Kintán is near the middle of the department; and Líyáng is near the southern border. Du Halde says this department "is one of the most considerable, on account of its situation and trade, being one of the keys of the empire towards the sea, and at the same time a place of defense, where there is a strong garrison."
VI. The department of Hwái'án extends from the mouth of the Yellow river, along both its banks, to the western banks of the lake Hungtse. Its chief city “is in imminent danger of being drowned,” for the ground on which it stands is lower than the canal, which in several places is supported only by banks of earth: "six miles off,” says Du Halde, "it has a borough named Tsingkiáng pú, which is as it were the port of the Yellow river, large and populous; and there resides the surveyor general of the rivers." The department contains six districts: the magistrate of Tanyáng resides at Hwái'áu; north from this city, is A ́ntung; to the northest from it is Fauning; east is Yenshing; west and northwest are Tsinghó and Tányuen.
VII. The department of Yángchau is likewise an extensive re- gion, bounded on the north by Hwái'án, on the east by the sea, on the south by Tungchau and Chinkiáng, on the southwest by Kiáng- ning, and ou the west by A'nhwui. It is nearly square in its form, and no inconsiderable portions of its surface are covered with water. It comprises eight districts: two, Kiángtú and Kántsiyen, have the residences of their chief magistrates at Yángchau, which stands not far from the northern bank of the Great river; I'ching stands near it to the southwest; the Great river forms the southern boundary of these three districts. Directly east of Yángchau is the district of Tái or Tái chau; farther towards the northeast is Tungtái. Hing- hwá stands in the center. On the north is Pángying and on the
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