1842.
Topography of Cheksúng
109
form, and supported by breast-walls of stone, and doors of black Obelisks were often erected upon the ter-
marble, with inscriptions. races. There was a vast
variety of other tombs of every form, in
earth, stone, and wood. (Travels, vol. II., p. 445.)
1. Tsientáng is the first district in the department; its magistrate resides in Ilangchau, his jurisdiction extending over the eastern part of the city and the adjacent country.
2. Jinho is the second district, and includes the western half of the city and country adjacent. Its magistrate, like that of Tsien- tang, resides in Hangchau.
3. Haining is the chief town of a district of the same name, standing near the sea, northeast from Hángchau, distant perhaps forty miles, surrounded by a wall. It is nearly square, and has one gate on the north, two on the east, one on the south, and one on the west, and is entirely surrounded by a moat, entering the city at three different places—one on the west and two on the north.
4. Fúyáng* stands on the north bank of the river, and is surround- ed by a wall, of an irregular oblong shape, having its southern part resting on
Kưán shán, or Prospect hill. It has one gate
on the north; one at the southeast; and one on the south. A small rivulet, or channel of water, which enters the Tsientang near the southeast corner of the city, runs along its southern side, coming down from the west and northwest.
5. Yühúng is delineated on the map in the form of a parabola, its longest diameter running from east to west, with a gate opening at each of the cardinal points. It stands on the north bank of a small river, nearly due west from Hángchau, and north from Fúyáng. It
has no moat.
6. Lin'án is similar to Yüháng in its appearance, having however two gates on its southern side, and standing on the same side of the same river, about twice its distance from Hángchau, a little south of
west.
7. Yütsien stands nearly in a line with the last two mentioned towns, still further westward and southward, forming the fourth stage from the provincial city. It is of a square form, its southwest angle resting on rising ground. It has three gates; one on the south, one on the west, and one on the north. A small stream flows near it, pa- rallel with its western wall.
Fúyáng hien is the district of Fúyáng, and Fúyáng is the chief town, and the residence of its magistracy. So of all. or nearly all the other districts: both district and chief town have one and the same name.