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Surveys in the Yangtsze Keäng.
JULY,
water on full and change days at about noon, or half an hour after. The rise at spring is 13 feet; at neaps, 10 feet; once 18 feet were noted, but this was probably caused by the ship having swung, so as to change her depth. The stream of the flood comes from the eastward, drawing to the southward about its last quarter, passing round to the ebb from the westward, and so on round by north. The greatest velocity measured was 4 knots, off the northern entrances; but the usual velocity at springs is about 3 knots.
In the river off Woosung, high water at full and change occurs about 1h. 30m. The rise is uncertain, but ranges from 15 to 5 feet. The stream of flood comes from S. E. passing round by east to northward; the ebb comes from N. W., passing round by south.
At the farthest point reached, high water, at full and change, oc- cured about 4h. 30m. The rise was 14 feet; the ebb running 8 hours. The flood at the neaps was nearly obliterated.
In July, the barometer stood at 29.74; and the thermometer at 78°. The prevailing winds were southeast, freshening about the change of the moon.
In August, the barometer stood at 29.78; and the thermometer at 81°. The prevailing winds were southeast, easterly, and northerly. For a day or two there was blowing weather, with a little rain, at the change of the moon.
In September, the barometer stood at 29.90; and the thermometer at 77°. The winds variable, but drawing roand from southeast to north. Blows with rain occurred at full and change. Mornings were much colder than the average temperature.
The temperature, having been taken on the main deck, is not probably very correct. The periodical breezes appeared to increase in intensity at full and change. The barometer rose with the north- erly winds, and fell with westerly and southerly. One hard blow occurred with the barometer at 30.10.
Supplies, &c. The island of Tsungming is highly cultivated, par- ticularly on its northern side. There are a plenty of cattle, used for agricultural purposes; and almost all the islands outside excepting Shawei shan and Gutzlaff's, produce vegetables.
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Chapo is situated on the north side of a bay on the north- ern side of the great bay of Hangchow. The land on the right and left of it is high, and appears like islands, the coast of the bay being generally low. The points of the entrance are 5 or 6 miles apart, Rather towards the north entrance lie North and South' islands,
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