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No. 16.
TRANSVAAL.
GOVERNOR THE EARL OF SELBORNE to THE EARL OF ELGIN.
(No. 138.)
MY LORD,
(Received March 10, 1906.)
Governor's Office, Johannesburg, February 19, 1906. As desired by the last paragraph of Mr. Lyttelton's circular despatch of the 26th August, 1905,* regarding the teaching of the rudiments of hygiene in the schools of the Tropical Colonies, I have the honour to report to your Lordship the progress made in the Transvaal during the year 1905.
2. As stated in Lord Milner's despatch, Transvaal, No. 169, of the 7th March, 1904,† the teaching of hygiene and of subjects admitting of hygienic application is a recognised part of the educational system of the Transvaal. At the Normal Col- lege physiology (human) continues to be taught as a subject of examination, obliga- tory upon candidates for the teacher's certificate of the third class, while a series of lectures upon school hygiene is included in the School Organisation Course.
3. A course of lectures for teachers, designed more particularly to meet the needs of the Transvaal, is now being prepared by Dr. Porter, Medical Officer of Health for the Municipality of Johannesburg, as the outcome of a Conference between members of the Johannesburg Teaching Association and the Health Com- mittee of the Municipal Council of that town.
4. Application has been made to the various Colonies for the publications named in the fourth paragraph of the despatch under reference, and when these are received, a syllabus for the systematic teaching of hygiene in the elementary schools of the Colony, which is now in course of preparation, will be completed. In the meantime a provisional syllabus is being applied. This syllabus, with modi- fications to suit the circumstances of different schools, is as follows:-
Nervous system, functions.
Heat and blood vessels.--Circulation of the blood; arteries; Veins and capillaries, their structure.
Respiration.-Lungs, structure and functions of; nose breathing and its importance; throat.
Muscles and tendons, their use.
Skeleton.-General information of the bones of the body; joints,
nature of.
Digestion.-Care of the teeth.
Digestion. Structure of stomach and processes of.
Kidneys. Their action as eliminators of waste products.
functions; cleanliness.
Special organs of sense.--Eye, ear, nose.
Foodstuffs diets.-Nature and varieties.
Skin.-Its
Clothing Varieties; suitable and unsuitable forms and materials.
Exercise. Importance in maintaining and improving physique; effects
on respiration and nutrition; walking; standing; sitting.
Germs.
Chemistry of air and water.
Ventilation; cleanliness of rooms; dryness about the house; water; filters; provisions for cleansing drinking vessels; closets.
• No. 4.
I have, &c.,
SELBORNE,
Governor.
† 10837: not printed, but see Enclosure in No. 4.
(No. 41.)
No: 17.
HONG KONG.
Governor SIR M. NATHAN to THE EARL OF ELGIN.
(Received March 21, 1906.)
MY LORD,
Government House, Hong Kong, February 17, 1906. I HAVE now the honour to reply to Mr. Lyttelton's circular despatch of the 26th August, 1905,* on the subject of the teaching of the rudiments of hygiene in the schools of the Tropical Colonies.
2. The third paragraph of that despatch deals with the necessity of a definite course of instruction for the teachers. In this Colony it has not been considered necessary to have special lectures such as have been provided in Ceylon, or a special local examination such as is held at Lagos. The Hong Kong branch of the Royal Sanitary Institute gives a course of excellent lectures on sanitary subjects in the winter months of every year, and lectures are also given on First Aid under the auspices of the St. John's Ambulance Association. Teachers are being encouraged to present themselves for examination for certificates of the Science and Art Department, South Kensington, in Elementary and Advanced Hygiene, and of the Royal Sanitary Institute in Practical Hygiene for School Teachers." Copies of Government Notifications Nos. 731 and 780 with regard to these examinations are attached. Teachers who hold Royal Sanitary Institute or South Kensington Certificates and have studied the Advanced part of the "Course of Hyglene for the use of Hong Kong Schools," and the text books referred to in that course, should have a thoroughly sound knowledge of Hygiene and of its application to the special conditions of the Colony.
3. With regard to paragraph 4 of the despatch under reply, I have the honour to inform Your Lordship that an honorarium of $200 was given to Dr. W. W. Pearse for the preparation of the "Course of Hygiene," and that this course is now being translated into Chinese by Mr. Young Hee, Head Master of the Wanchai Anglo-Chinese School.
4. Mr. Lyttelton's suggestion, in the 5th paragraph of his despatch, that rewards should be given to teachers and pupils for proficiency, with a view to stimulating interest in the subject, has been adopted, and the following prizes were competed for at examinations held in December last :-
Advanced Course :-
1st prize-$100.
2nd prize $50.
3rd prize-$25.
Elementary Course :-
Winning team of 10 scholars from one school-A Silver Challenge
Shield, to be held for one year.
Prize to 1st scholar in winning team-$20. Prize to 2nd scholar in winning team-$15. Honorarium to instructor of winning team-$50.
5. The nature of the examination and manner in which it was conducted are fully set forth in the first of the annual reports, showing what progress has been made with the teaching of hygiene in this Colony, prepared by the Inspector of Schools in accordance with Mr. Lyttelton's instruction contained in the 6th para- graph of his despatch. Copies of the report are transmitted herewith. It shows that out of a daily average attendance of some 5,000 scholars in the Government. and Grant-in-Aid Schools of the Colony, over 1,500 in Standards III to VII received instruction in hygiene, and over 300 in Standards VI and VII studied the advanced
• No. 4.
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