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examination qualifies a student to enter Raffles College, Singa- pore, as to which a further account is given below.) Cambridge examinations a special Malayan syllabus may be followed. The Malay language is one of the subjects allowed.
Primary and secondary education have been divided in recent years. Government has built many primary schools, and in each large centre a Government secondary school has grown up. The progress of education during the last quarter of a century
Pahang) were formed in 1897 into a Federation known as the Federated Malay States and possess a Federal administration in addition to the four State administrations. The other five States Johore, Kedah, Kelantan, Trengganu and Perlis are administered separately under their respective Malay Rulers with their British Advisers. The Straits Settlements are British territory and form a separate administration on the normal Colonial system. The Governor of the Straits Settlements is also High Commissioner for the Malay States and exercises a general supervision over the administration of the Federated and Un-includes the universal use of the direct method of teaching federated Malay States as well as the Colony of the StraitsEnglish, the institution of kindergarten and infant classes, in- struction in elementary manual work, and medical inspection of
House Settlements. In spite of the distinctions in political status the
pupils. Physical education, playgrounds, sports, the various administrations in Malaya therefore pursue in general a
system, and the encouragement of boy scout and cadet corps common and co-ordinated policy.
all receive due attention, a general attempt being made to adapt to the circumstances of Malaya what is best in English educa- tional aims.
3. Before passing on to the special subject of education, it is advisable to draw attention to the pre-eminent economic importance which Malaya has attained amongst the territories of the Colonial Empire. The Government revenues (Colony and Malay States) amount to nearly 10 million pounds, the value of the imports from overseas to about 60 million pounds, and the exports to a figure of over 73 million (both being exclusive of bullion and specie). The value of the external trade of Malaya equals about three-fourths of the total of the rest of the Colonial Dependencies put together, and the value of the exports per head of population has exceeded that of any other country in the world. This great material wealth accordingly lends special importance to the urgency and scope for educational progress.
Education in Malaya.
4. The Director of Education controls educational affairs in the Straits Settlements and the same officer performs the duties of Adviser on Education for the Malay States. Officers of the Department are recruited from England and appointed by the Secretary of State to be members of the Colonial Education Service. They serve in Malaya on the Malayan establishment, and are liable for service anywhere in the peninsula, including the Unfederated Malay States, which rely upon the Malayan Establishment for the filling of their more important appoint-
ments.
(a) ENGLISH SCHOOLS.
The English schools for the Straits Settlements and Federated Malay States provide a course of 11 years. The secondary work of the schools consists at present chiefly in preparation for the Cambridge Local examinations and for the Matriculation examinations of London and Hong Kong Universities, the King Edward VII College of Medicine, Singapore, and Raffles College, Singapore. (A satisfactory pass in the School Certificate
(b) VERNACULAR SCHOOLS.
(i) Malay vernacular schools are maintained by the Govern- ment, the medium of instruction in them being exclusively Malay. The teaching is done by non-Europeans but they are under the general supervision of European officers of the Education Department. The policy is to provide Malay teachers for these schools from the Sultan Idris Training College in the State of Perak, one of the finest institutions of its kind in the Far East. The general aim of the Malay schools is to provide an education adapted to the conditions of Malay life.
(ii) Indian vernacular schools are maintained by the Govern- ment and by large estates (where much of the Indian labour is employed) under the provisions of the local labour legislation. Instruction in them is inainly in Tamil, the language of the vast majority of the Indian immigrants.
(iii) Chinese vernacular schools are maintained voluntarily by the Chinese themselves, generally through committees, although a large number of them receive Government grants-in- aid. They are subject to registration and inspection by the Government and special officers of the Education Department have been appointed to supervise them.
(c) HIGHER EDUCATION.
In Singapore there is the King Edward VII College of Medicine, whose diploma is recognized by the General Medical Council, and Raffles College, opened in 1928, where students are admitted from the age of 17 to take courses of study up to the standard of London degrees. It is hoped that Raffles College will eventually develop into an independent University. There is a technical school in Kuala Lumpur, the capital city of the Federated Malay States.
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