40
STRAITS SETTLEMENTS AND LABUAN.
Population (1911), 722,000. Area, 1,600 square miles.
Public Revenue Public Expenditure
Loan Expenditure (including Railway Subsidies),
1901-13
Public Debt
Shipping entered and cleared. Net tonnage
1901. £679,000 £707,000
1913. £1,446,000 £1,221,000
Rubber Tin and Tin Ore
41
Pahang.
1902.
1913.
Dollars.
Dollars.
Nil 1,834,000
424,000 6,718,000
COMMUNICATIONS.
£7,561,000
Nil.
£6,913,000
1901.
1913.
1917.
15,065,000
25,065,000
Imports (excluding bullion and specie)
£27,132,000
£53,011,000
Exports (excluding bullion and specie)
£23,485,000
£43,510,000
COMMUNICATIONS.
Railway Mileage Telegraph Mileage
Telephone Mileage
271
936
771
930
2,009
2,276
Railway Mileage
Telegraph Mileage
Telephone Mile of Wire
Nil.
1,332
1,166
48°
2,658+ 8,133
216
The bulk of the trade is really transit trade and owes its enormous development to the pro- Fress of the rich tin-mining and rubber-bearing lands of the Malay Peninsula.
Over 50 lines of sea-going steamers touch at the great port of Singapore, which is one of the greatest commercial centres of the East,
Its great prosperity arises from the splendid transport facilities, which provide the outlet for the greatest tin and rubber-producing district of the world, and which is also a great entrepot
for the whole of the East.
The heavy loan expenditure was mainly for barbour purposes, and it has produced an Paormous return in the increased prosperity of the Colony.
Much rubber is produced in the Colony itself. It appears to have been first exported in 1906, and the export of local produce (i.e., exclusive of F.M.S. produce) in 1917 was 27,464,000 lbs., worth £2,903,000.
The success of rubber has been so great as to threaten so seriously the production of foodstuffs that the greater proportion has to be imported.
FEDERATED MALAY STATES.
Population (1911), 1,037,000. Area, 27,506 square miles,
Note.-
The capital expenditure on railways up to December 31st, 1917, was $105,388,000 (#12,295,000), which appears to have been provided out of ordinary State Revenues, so that nearly the whole of the net receipts (excluding rentals and a contribution to the Imperial Government) is net profit, an abnormal condition of affairs in the case of a State railway.
The net profit in 1917 was $4,168,000 (£486,000).
It is probable that no country in the world has ever shown such amazing development in such a short time as the F.M.S.
The great expenditure on improving communications, rail and road (allied with the shipping facilities of Singapore in the Straits Settlements), and the great flow of European and Chinese capital into rubber planting and tin mining enterprises, is a clear indication of the immense possibilities of a rich tropical country.
At the beginning of the century, copra and tin were already of great importance, particularly the latter, but no rubber was exported, while by 1917 (excluding estates under 100 arres) no less than 612,268 acres were planted with rubber and the export of rubber totalled 79,820 tons and would have been much larger but for shortage of shipping due to the war.
There are great agricultural opportunities outside rubber and coconuts, but the profita from rubber have caused these to be neglected.
Important agricultural research is constantly carried on in order to combat the diseases to which the rubber tree is subject.
The health of the F.M.S. is bad, and there is great need for both greater research and improved sanitation. Malaria is responsible for nearly half the mortality.
There is prosperity unaccompanied by any real poverty in the F.M.S., and heavy expendi ture on health work can be afforded. It is only fair, however, to say that much has been done.
The statistics relating to the Malay States not in the Federation cover such a short period that a review of them would not be of any particular value for the purpose in view.
Is. 11d. in 1901 and 24. 4d. in 1906 et seq.
1901.
1913.
Dollars.
Dollars.
Public Bevenue
17,185,000
44,333,000
Public Expenditure
17,078,000
47,288,000
Public Debt (owed by Pahang to Perak and Selangor;
free of interest)
3,391,000
11,893,000
Shipping entered and cleared (excluding Pahang),
Net Tonnage
1,055,000
4,063,000
Imports (including bullion and specie)
36,733,000
86,409,000
Exporta (Ditto)
63,107,000
148,669,000
Note. There appear to be discrepancies between the figures in the Statistical Abstract Cd. 9051 of 1918 and the Report for the F.M.S. for 1917, Cmd. 26 of 1919. The Exports and Imports Statistics are taken from the Statistical Abstract,
PRINCIPAL EXPORTS.
Perak,
1902.
1913.
Copra
Rubber
Tin and Tin Ore
68,000 Nil, 31,943,000
1,417,000
18,327,080 49,083,000
Selangor.
Copra
Rubber
Tiu and Tin Ore
145,000 60 22,749,000,
362,000
28,754,000
26,790,000
Negri Sembilan.
Rubber
Tin and Tin Ore
250 5,838,000
9,790,000 3,156,000
Linked with and run by the F.M.8. System.
† Including cables linking the various islands and the mainland.
FIJI.
Population (1911), 140,000. Aren, 7,435 square miles.
1901.
Public Revenue
£114,000
Public Expenditure
£105,000
1913. £266,000 £269,000
Loan Expenditure, 1901-13
Nil
Public Debt
Shipping entered and cleared, net tonnage
£196,000 205,000
£72,000
Imports (excluding bullion and specie) Exports (excluding bullion and specie)
£321,000 £549,000
712,000 £843,000 £1,426,000
PRINCIPAL EXPORTS.
1875.
1900.
1913.
£
£
£
Sugar
3,417
394,000
1,042,000
Fruit
97
Copra
40,000
28,000 152,000
168,000
177,000
COMMUNICATIONS.
1901.
Railway Mileage
Telegraph Mileage
Telephone Mileage
Nil
Nil
105
1913.
54*
58+
542
• The Colonial Sugar Refining Co. own various tramlines on their estates and some of these are open to public use. †There are several wireless installations,
PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE
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