146
PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE
Reference :~~~
ཀ།། །།།
CO.885/25
PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE, LONDON
ALLY WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE BE REPRODUCED PHOTOGRAPHIC-
COPYRIGHT PHOTOGRAPH—NOT TO
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it is possible that we might gradually enrol quite a number of helpers. Probably however, it is a direction in which it will be well to make a cautious beginning. am, therefore, placing my estimate for material at less than half what would be required by anything like a complete organization, involving all the sub-districts.
(c) Training. Each ranger will receive all the guidance I can give him, and be provided with the more suggestive literature of the subject (this could doubtless be arranged with the Director of the Imperial Bureau of Entomology). Rangers working at tsetse should pay a month's visit to Entebbe. Rangers appointed from England, if not qualified entomologists, should at least be keen enough on the subject to be expected to shape well at scientific tsetse survey.
(d) Collation. All observations and collections of all kinds will be sent to myself. The former will be collated and incorporated in my reports to the Director of the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, and most of the latter, after examination and deduction, be sent to him. Seasonal and density maps will be built up by me on the material and notes received.
Collecting material.
3.-Equipment.
Remarks:-
1. A porter's collecting set would consist of a net, two or three collecting tubes (to be used also as a killing bottle), and a haversack.
2. Independent native sets. Each native or party of natives acting indepen- dently, even for a few days, would need, in addition to the above, much paper for envelopes, and insect-tight box or boxes capable of holding up to several hundred papered flies, naphthalene, and a little creosote.
CC
3. Safari sets. To a white man's safari with porters, etc., a safari set "of five "porters' sets" and the extra items of one " independent set" would be supplied. I was using four times this number on my own fly safaris. Maps would in many cases be provided, also tabulated forms to be filled in with a few highly important items of information.
4. A special set would contain, in addition to a doubled safari set, a dozen glass-bottomed boxes, additional tubes, entomological pins and card discs, a store- box, entomological forceps, a pocket lens, a geological hammer and botanical press, a set of thermometers (including, especially, hygrometers), an aneroid barometer, say two spades and two hoes for ascertaining the presence of underground moisture, and a prismatic compass.
I used all these things except the hygrometers and aneroid on my Portuguese I found the work, and needed them. I felt the lack of these latter very badly. compass invaluable for mapping the fly areas.
5. Headquarters material. A number of store-boxes, a few large boxes and postal boxes, map-making material, cyanide and gypsum for making killing bottles, and a certain extra amount of entomological material generally will be needed at Headquarters, together with such material (poisons, repellents, bird-lime, cage material, trap-making material, axes, hoes, etc.) as it may from time to time become necessary to purchase-say, £25. Part of this £25 is the only allowance I am mak- ing for special experimentation.
6. The life of a net is not more than two months at this work in the hands of a Kaffir. I have allowed fully for this only for the Game Department workers in my figure below. I have allowed for half this wear and tear in the case of helpers. Only the gauze will be bought. The natives will themselves make the nets and attach them to sticks cut and bent by themselves.
4.-Trained Natives.
One to two with each of the rangers and with the more important volunteer helpers--such as a travelling Medical or Veterinary Officer or a man traversing & piece of country from which specially full and useful material is desired.
Fifteen in all-half to Game Department, half to helpers--at Rs. 15 per month, including food.
It is difficult, when one thinks it out, to know how these natives could be com- pletely dispensed with. Portera can scatter and collect at the main halts, scouts are going to be invaluable for wider wanderings, and I would use my personal boy and myself for collecting on the march. It is likely that one could often arrange some- thing of the same kind with helpers, giving their boy something out of "rewards," but this can never be so satisfactory or so certain of result as supplying him with one of our own boys.
To a man
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doing scientific fly survey or for the purposes I have suggested above, whole-time boys under training become so exceedingly useful that they justify their existence fully. I found this with the two I selected and trained for my Portuguese and Rhodesian work. Some trained whole-time assistance at Headquarters is also essential. As a wage item is always, unfortunately, an expensive one, I have placed the number as low as I could-I think, myself, too low.
5.-Bait Cattle.
These could be confined to unhurried safaris (which would be useful) and areas in which full results would be of special value.
Two sets only in the country at a time, of three cattle each, average life, say, three months (fly and lions). On my Portuguese work it was less than half this. Total for the year, therefore, twenty-four cattle at Rs. 20/-. A few goats, etc., for the feeding of flies would be necessary also say, twenty in all at Rs. 47-. They last much better than cattle, but are quite useless as bait.
Without bait cattle I found it was impossible to arrive with any pretence to accuracy at the sex proportions or the density of the fly, or even, in many cases, to ascertain its presence at all. The positive results obtained without cattle are useful, the negative results useless.
6. Rewards to Natives.
Other fly observers (as Neave) have also found this system invaluable. In my Portuguese work I gave small daily prizes to the taker of the most puparia or the most fly, larger rewards for confirmed information as to fly concentrations, small payments and rewards to the local small boys-and others wherever I went, for joining in the fly-collecting and pupa-hunting, and a reward to any native not in my employ who brought me in one of my paint-marked flies.
In this way I got enthusiastic work out of everybody and a maximum result.
No.
88-
Estimate.
Supplied to.
Total Cost.
£ 9.
d.
1.
"Independent"
1*
Native Sete
50
Games department Scouts, Trap-
pere, etc.
23 8 6
2. Safari Sets
30
Political Officers, Sportamen, Home
Kangerst
28 0 0
3. Special Safari Bets
4
Warden and three most useful
Rangers...
51 1 4
4. Headquarters material
1
Game Headquarters
50 12 2
5.
Extra Net material
On the basis as stated in 3-6 above
27 2 6
6.
Allowance for post-war rise in
prices of non local items above
75 per cent.
88 4 4
7.
Bait Cattle
24
8. Goata for feeding fly
20
9
Whole-time natives, trained
15
Two Rangers or Warden and one.... Warden and three Rangers Rangers, some helpers and Game
Headquarters
48 0 0
8 0 0
240 0 0
100 0 0
£659
8 10
JO. Rewards to natives
-AX
By Warden and Rangers generally,
Rs.1 to 5
Total Estimate
...
£660.
*This represents half my anticipated scout establishment.
I hope next year to have been allowed an increase in rangers.
T
C. F. M. SWYNNERTON,
Game Warden.