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PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE
Reference :-
mmiimmimiC.O.
885/25
PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE, LONDON
ALLY WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE BE REPRODUCED PHOTOGRAPHIC- COPYRIGHT PHOTOGRAPH-NOT TO
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was temporarily employed under this for this investigation. Dr. Lamborn Administration for two years, but was unfortunately offered and accepted a per- manent post in another Colony. I believe, however, that he would very willingly return for this special purpose. I would suggest that the possibility of his return should be borne in mind when at a later date practical effect has been given to the Bureau's proposals.
6. It will, however, be possible to make a beginning in this Territory with little delay, since we are fortunate in possessing in Mr. C. F. Swynnerton, the Game Warden, an entomologist of experience, who is specially interested in Glossing, and has devoted much time to their study, and is, moreover, willing and anxious to Mr. undertake this work, which his normal duties will permit him to do. Swynnerton, I may mention, has carried out an investigation of the tsetse fly problem in the Mozambique Province for the Portuguese Government, and his report is now being printed in London. The resources of the Game Department, particu- larly when its personnel is brought to full strength, will provide Mr. Swynnerton, through his rangers and native assistants, with exceptional opportunities of study- ing distribution, etc., throughout the Territory, and more especially in the fly- infested game areas, and he will no doubt receive all assistance which the Medical and Veterinary Departments are able to give. I am therefore making arrangements for investigation to be begun under Mr. Swynnerton's guidance.
7. As regards the financial aspect, the arrangements which I contemplate will entail no special expenditure on personal emoluments for the time being. It may at a later stage be considered advisable to employ a qualified entomologist, such as Dr. Lamborn, whose whole time can be devoted to the study of the tsetse fly and to the training of other investigators. In that event I think that, beyond the salary of the entomologist and a possible assistant, expenditure should be small, and that it would be both the duty and the interest of this Territory to provide for it. Certain small expense will be incurred at the outset in the purchase of collecting material, etc., as will be seen from the attached memorandum by Mr. Swynnerton, and there will be a small recurrent expenditure on native wages, rewards, and the purchase of cattle. For this I propose to make provision in the next Estimates.
I have, &c.,
H. A. BYATT,
(No. 734/5.)
Enclosure in No. 119.
Administrator.
Game Warden's Office, Dar-es-Salaam, 30th August, 1920. The Secretary to the Administration, Dar-es-Salaam,
If Dr.
1. In reply to your 2705/5 of 10th August, with His Honour the Admini- strator's draft despatch on the tsetse commission, I have the honour to say :—
(a) That the general scheme is, if I may say so, excellent. Lamborn should join us later we shall form, entomologically, a particularly strong commission.
(b) That the only point which requires special comment is that of finance, touched on in paragraph 7.
While the undertaking of the work by the Game Department will entail no additional salaries (unless of a few whole-time natives) and no seconding, it would -as I indicated in my 734/1-be a mistake to suppose that effective tsetse investi- gation, even of the details of mere distribution, is quite inexpensive, and a pity to handicap such important work at the outset by any avoidable absence of funds. I attach a programme and estimate.
In connexion with the latter I would like to say that much of the material (as store boxes and instruments) will have been bought once for all, and that any balance there may be of other material can be used the following year.
2. The more scientific observational side of the survey-by far its most valuable part-would be carried on particularly by myself and, under my guidance, by the more suitable of my rangers. Simultaneity of observation, by several useful workers under varying conditions, will, in certain vital connexions, not be its least valuable part. I can say from experience that there is no item in the suggested programme that cannot be noted (or collected) by us easily as an incidental to our wandering about the country or that need in any way interfere with our game work.
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3. It will be noted that I have suggested no appreciable experimental pro- gramme. This is not for fear of taking work away from the whole-time entomo- logist, for it is obvious that the subject is big enough to provide work for all and for longer than the suggested five years; but in order to feel our way and not to under- take anything that we might find that we shall not have time for.
C. F. M. SwYNNERTON,
TSETSE WORK, TANGANYIKA TERRITORY. SUGGESTED FIRST YEAR PROGRAMME AND ESTIMATE. A. A SCIENTIFIC SURVEY. 1.-Programme.
Game Warden.
1. A survey of the distribution of the different species of Glossina, 2. Simultaneously, observation of the conditions under which the different species are present or absent with relation to season, elevation, climate, the flora, fauna, and geological formations of each area, including :-
3.
(a) A study of their movement, its nature and the factors on which diffusion,
contraction, and limitation of range are dependent.
(b) The accurate location of all breeding and other concentrations.
(c) A particular investigation into the meteorological conditions in all their
bearings with reference to the above.
Other general work relevant to the subject, i.e., the collection of puparia everywhere and the insects parasitic on them, of insects predatory on tsetse, of blood smears from game for trypanosomes, of the stomachs of birds, of biting flies generally that may prove to be responsible for the direct or cyclical transmission of trypanosomes.
B. EXPERIMENTAL WORK..
I am making practically no allowance for experimental work in the attached estimate.
Nevertheless (a) We shall naturally not neglect opportunities that may crop up of doing useful entomological work that will fit in with our other duties.
(b) I shall select the sites for and start the following valuable and inexpensive experiment, on selected plots, surrounded by a fireguard, to test the effect on each type of bush and on each fly of regulated grass burning. It is advisable to start this experiment soon, as it will take some years to begin to see the effect. Experi- ments in discriminative clearing, etc., will come later, when our study of the conditions is more complete.
for us.
(c) Incidental testing of traps, repellants, etc., will, of course, be very easy Any experimental work will at first be largely confined to the headquarters area As useful localities for particular experiments -if we should move to Kilossa.
come to light it can be expanded.
2.---Organization for the Above Work.
(a) The personnel would be the rangers, scouts, trappers, and porters of the Game Department, and a very few whole-time boys.
(b) Helpers. (1) In addition to ourselves a few picked sportsmen (resident and visiting), and travelling officials of a reliable type who might be willing to assist, would be utilized-especially Medical and Veterinary Officers. In a survey such as this, in which all the ground needs to be traversed again and again at various seasons, all assistance is to be welcomed.
(2) In cases in which this seemed likely to be especially useful--and there might be a large number-a Political Officer in charge of a district might receive one "safari
set of collecting material (see definition below) to be available for himself or other officials travelling in his district.
(3) Volunteer helpers will be invited or accepted only if considered likely to be reliable in more ways than one, for I would not wish to be under an obligation to a man whom I might require to prosecute for poaching. The entire essential work of these people would be to label flies actually caught, with place and date, so that any reliable person should, from this viewpoint, be of use, however unskilled, and
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