Licences for Longshore work.
Preventive measures
disease.
132
(e) No regular traffic route to be authorized which passes within three hundred yards of shore infested to an excessive degree.
The following duties will also devolve upon the officer in charge:- (a) To issue permits for the construction of canoes and other craft by private parties, and to designate where and under what conditions they may be built.
To issue licences for fishing and trading in privately-owned craft.
(0)
are privately owned and operated.
133
APPENDIX.
NOTES UPON THE DECLINE OF THE SLEEPING SICKNESS EPIDEMIC IN UGANDA.
which
Measures taken for Suppression of Sleeping Sickness in Uganda The Depopulation of the Mainland Shore
Every effort will be made to prevent the introduction or reintroduction into Sesse against cattle and Buvuma of the fever-bearing ticks of which these islands appear to be free.
An effort will be made to designate those islands which have never been, or which are likely to be, inhabited as a preserve for game, and special regulations will be framed for hunting and fishing.
Game
preservation.
Co-ordination
of work in East Africa
Elsewhere than in this reserve on the islands at all events-restrictions on hunting must be removed. (Note 2.)
To the extent to which it is found practicable the jurisdiction of the officer in charge will be extended to include all portions of the lake under British dominion and Uganda or protection, to the end that the policy for suppression of sleeping sickness may be
made as uniform as varying local conditions will permit.
The Depopulation of the Island Sazas of Sesse and Buvuma Decrease in number of Deaths in Buganda Province due to Depopulation
Measures (Table I.)
Death Returns from Island, Mainland, and Interior Sazas respectively (Table
II., Chart I.)
Death Returns from two Island Sazas. (Table III., Charts LXXXVIII.
and III.)
75
PAGE
133
134
135
136
137
139
140
140
142
142
143
Proportion of population carrying infection from 1906 to 1909 Danger of the epidemic spreading into other portions of the
Protectorate
143
144
Apathetic attitude of the natives
145
(Conditions favouring the transmission of the disease
147
148 149
Possible Explanation for the continued higher Death-rate in Sesse Death Returns from Mainland Sazas bordering the Lake
The Gravity of the Situation from 1906 to 1909 ...
Mortality in affected districts during course of the epidemic (b) The declining virulence of the epidemic
PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE
Reference :-
TPELLICO885/25
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ALLY WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE BE REPRODUCED PHOTOGRAPHIC- COPYRIGHT PHOTOGRAPH-—NOT TO
PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE, LONDON
Fly survey work.
Native
NOTE 1.
Much of the shore in Buddu, Sesse, and Mawakota has already been surveyed for tsetse in the manner proposed, but, unless the main points of general scheme as broadly outlined are adopted, the data are unlikely to be of value and are not presented.
It is certain that the natives will gladly avail themselves to some extent of the ao-operation. opportunity which would be offered them under the terms herewith outlined: to what extent they will do so remains to be demonstrated by actual experiment. It will certainly be to a greater extent if improved inspection service checks general poaching in prescribed waters.
Game
NOTE 2.
Nothing has been previously written upon this topic, although there is much preservation that might be. There is at least one large island (Damba), and perhaps fifteen others (much smaller) in Sesse which were formerly inhabited, but which are not at all likely to be reclaimed for a long and indefinite period. In addition there are some fifty small islets which were never inhabited, and which would be included in the proposed preserve.
About ten of these islands and islets are already stocked with situtunga, and many of the others would support herds of this or other antelope. If game is abundant on an uninhabited island occasional visitors are practically immune to attack by tsetse. The object should be, therefore, to protect such game until the herd can become as large as the island can well support, and then to make provision against further increase. The status of antelope on these islands is comparable to that of park deer rather than to that of antelope on the mainland. There are no beasts of prey, and the herds are isolated from infectious or contagious disease, so There are many hundred, probably many that increase is extremely rapid. thousand, head of situtunga on Damba Island at the present time, and already It is practically extermination of their most favoured food plants is imminent.
certain that if several hundred of the solitary males could be killed off annually the breeding females, and particularly the young, would be the better for it-and in a very few years it will become necessary to thin out the females as well.
These islands are of no present use for any other purpose, and, under the peculiar and unique circumstances, it appears to be the best possible use to be made of them.
W. F. FISKE.
The Situation which has resulted Conclusions
Measures taken for Suppression of Sleeping Sickness in Uganda. In a concise and comprehensive despatch to the Colonial Office, dated 23rd November, 1900,* His Majesty's Commissioner, Sir Hesketh Bell, summed up the situation as regarded sleeping sickness in the Protectorate and recommended the following measures:-
(1) Removal of all infected persons to fly-free areas and their treatment by
Medical Officers in specially organized camps.
(2) The temporary removal of all healthy persons from areas infested by
flies that are presumably infected.
(3) The elimination of flies, as far as possible, in all localities from which the population cannot be removed, and in all places through which travellers are obliged to pass.
(4) Further investigations into the life history of the tsetse, with a special view to the discovery of conditions that appear to be inimical to the fly. (5) The study of curative agencies.
2. The first and last-mentioned measures marched naturally together. Several camps were organized and some thousands of natives were treated. Segregation of all the sufferers was not could not well have been--made compul- sory, so that many continued to die away from, as well as in, the camps. specific remedy was discovered: life could be prolonged, but few, if any, real cures were effected.
No
3. The third measure proposed was carried out successfully. Although there are many ports, landings, ferries, etc., located in the fly-infested zones along lakes and streams, there is no record of any individual having contracted disease as a result of living in, or passing through, the locally cleared areas. Extension of such clearings to include long reaches of shore is generally too expensive to be practicable. The fourth measure proposed has also been carried out, and much data have been accumulated by the numerous investigators re the life history of the fly and the effect of environment upon its increase and dispersion.
4.
"
de- 5. The second item in the programme is that hereinafter referred to as population measures," concerning the effects of which upon the course of the sleeping sickness epidemic, and otherwise, I have endeavoured, by this study, to ascertain.
Despatch No. 218, 23rd November, 1906, from His Majesty's Commissioner, Sir H. Hesketh Bell, to the Right Honourable the Earl of Elgin and Kincardine, K.G., etc., etc. (No. 100 in Miscellaneous No. 178.)
I 2