118
one to eighteen months on the islands under the writer's observation. But these men, many of them, have returned to their shambas after a short period of service, and not reapplied for work-it is among those whose history has not been followed that disease is likely to be found, if anywhere. The names of all are available, and all could probably be found. Until they are subjected to medical examination no conclusion can be reached.
8. Nevertheless, this circumstance, and others which need not be mentioned here, have sufficed to raise doubts not previously entertained by the writer con- cerning the soundness of the conclusions reached at the Mpumu laboratories. The supreme test, of inoculating man with virus obtained directly from antelope or from antelope via Glossina, could never be made. Except for this, the conclusions reached concerning the identity of the antelope and the human strains were logical enough. But it is impossible to avoid a suspicion that the antelope-fly-antelope strain at present persistent in Sesse, however virulent it may be toward laboratory animals, is by no means as virulent towards man as the man-fly-man or the man- man-man (mechanically transmitted) strain, one of which must have been responsible for the spread of the epidemic.
9.
In view of all the circumstances the writer feels it incumbent upon him to reconsider his previously expressed desire to conduct investigations into the relà- tions between man and fly in East Africa. Unaided, he feels that nothing which is at all likely to be accomplished will permit active steps to be taken toward lifting the quarantine and permitting the reoccupation of the lake shore and islands. This is the principal and almost the only end in view, and, unless technical assistance in work upon the pathological question is provided, its attainment appears too remote to make independent entomological studies worth the undertaking.
Respectfully submitted,
Entebbe,
27th August, 1915.
W. F. FISKE.
119
(7)
FINAL REPORT BY MR, W. F. FISKE ON HIS INVESTIGATIONS ON LAKE VICTORIA.
THE RECOLONIzation of the Lake Shore and Islands in Uganda, depopulated on ACCOUNT OF SLEEPING SICKNESS.
I. Exterminative Measures against Sleeping Sickness II.--Conditions favourable to an Epidemic of Sleeping Sickness, as indicated
by Investigations into Bionomics of Glossina palpalis III.-Antelope as a Reservoir of the Virus of Sleeping Sickness IV. Repressive versus Exterminative Measures
might safely be Recolonized
PAGE
119
120 121
122
V.-Conditions under which it is believed that the Lake Shore and Islands
VI.-The Decline of the Epidemic as indicated by the Death Returns VII-Conditions along the Buddu Coast in 1906
123 124
124
126
127
128
128
129
130 130
131
VIII Dr. Hodges's Conclusions
IX. The Demonstration Experiment at Entebbe and its Environs
X.-Reports of Medical Officers engaged in Sleeping Sickness Extended
XI.
Investigations
-“ Laissez-faire" in East Africa and Uganda
XII. Co-ordination of Work in East Africa and Uganda XIII. Expense Incident to Recolonization
XIV. Conclusions
XV-Outline of Reclamation Scheme
APPENDIX.
The Decline of the Sleeping Sickness Epidemic in Uganda
133
Bwendi
Dumo
Calcora
Balo...
Namirem be
Swamba
Karine
Table showing Summary of Results—Buddu Fly Survey.
Name of District,
Miles of Shore Involved,
- Number of Collection Points,
Avorage Catch of Fly par Boy per Hour.
Sebworu
Bakakata
Bujaju
Buganga
Average for all 8 3880
7
21
2-2
3
13
15.9
81
10
31.0
51
18
36.1
8
10
31-0
14
33
56:0
11
44.1
8
10:5
18
10-6
22
8.1
12
6.0
360
17.6
68
Introduction.
There are three ways of dealing with a noxious organism: extermination, repression, and "laissez-faire," Following the introduction, increase, and dis- persion of Trypanosoma gambiense in Uganda, German East and British East Africa, these three were respectively adopted, in the order named. Sleeping sick- ness is no longer causing concern in any of the three countries.
The question now under discussion is which method will ultimately prove to be the most satisfactory. It is purely a question in applied "bionomics."
I. Exterminative Measures against Sleeping Sickness.
"
1. "The absolute and thorough removal of all natives from the fly-infested shores of the lake was, and remains, one of the "main and most important features of the measures for the control of sleeping sickness in Uganda. Nothing was to be left to chance. All the people were to be removed from all fly-infested regions, until all trace of infection had disappeared, and were to be allowed to return when the flies had been rendered as innocuous as they had been before.
2. The flies continued to be infective to experimental animals, and the second part of the programme was postponed until, in logical pursuance of the same policy, means could be devised whereby the flies could be exterminated. This seemed to be the only alternative to making the tabu upon the lake shore and islands permanent.
9. Complete extermination is technically feasible, and merely requires the expenditure of enough money and labour. The Government cannot undertake such work, however, unless its own interests are immediately involved, and in such cases steps have already been taken. Elsewhere the expense is properly to be met by private parties directly interested.
4. Native interests are at present, and will probably remain for a long time in the future, greater than all others combined. The natives have little money,
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