PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE
Reference :-
muimhim C.O. 885
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(3) The relationship of fly to game does not appear to be altogether proved as the result of the observations made in Northern Rhodesia in the last eighteen months.
is As far as an experimental destruction of game concerned, I am still of the opinion that experiments can be carried out with greater advantage in the more limited fly areas of Southern Rhodesia than in Northern Rhodesia, where tsetse fly covers such large tracts of country and where small and limited fly-belts are practically
unknown.
(4) Doctor Kinghorn's estimate of the death-rate amongst the indigenous population of the Mpika districts is certainly rather startling where he gives the figure at 378 per thousand, which is abnormally high as compared with other communities, and may posssibly have a strong bearing on the mortality rate amongst North-Eastern Rhodesian labourers on mines, as compared with natives from other places.
It would be of the greatest interest if these estimates of the native mortality rate in their own homes could be carried out in other districts and territories, including Southern Rhodesia,
Altogether, this report by Doctor May has placed our knowledge of trypano- somiasis on a sound footing. The work done by himself and staff has been most thorough and the deductions sound and cannot be gainsaid in the light of present knowledge, and I can only express the hope that this report will be accorded the recognition it undoubtedly deserves.
The Secretary,
Department of the Administrator.
I have, &c.,
A. M. FLEMING,
LCAPULA, MWERU, AND TANGANYIKA AREAS.
Medical Director.
A very satisfactory position as regards the prevalence of sleeping sickness in these areas now exists, the whole country to the east of the Luapula and Lake Mweru has been depopulated, and it may now be reasonably considered that practically all risk of the extension of the disease is at an end.
One case only of the disease has been discovered during the past year (this was in a native of Shiwiri's Village, which has been removed from the Congo border north of Lake Mweru).
There are now twenty-three cases under treatment, namely, ten at Fort. Rosebery, six at Kawambwa, and seven at Abercorn, and it seems improbable that this number will be increased, except by the addition of a few who may possibly have escaped detection in the moved villages.
Restrictions on the movements of the natives of these areas need now aim only at the prevention of their return to foci of infection, i.e., Glossina palpalis areas, and for this purpose it will be sufficient to include as closed area only those parts of the Luapula, Mweru, and Tanganyika Districts which have been depopulated.
It has, therefore, been recommended that the restrictions formerly in force in these areas should be dispensed with, and the following have been adopted in their place:
Boundary Lines for the Luapula (Fort Rosebery) District.
The original closed area extending between the Luera, on the south, and the Luango, on the north, has, with the exception of one village, namely,
Chansa- Kafushya," on the Kashya Stream, been depopulated. Glossina palpalis exists on the Mansa River to within a few miles of Fort Rosebery Station; it would, therefore, be difficult, without making a separate closed area for the Mansa to reduce the extent of the original closed area, and it has been recommended that it be allowed to stand as at present.
Mweru District.
Since the only object future restrictions need have is the prevention of the return of the population to dangerous areas, it does not seem necessary to include the large area to the east of the Mweru Marsh, and between there and Lake Tanganyika. Thus a narrow stretch of country running along the east bank of the Luapula and the shores of Lake Mweru has been adopted as closed area.
The Mweru and Tanganyika closed areas are now completely separated, and restrictions have been removed from the Mweru Swamp and surrounding country between Lakes Mweru and Tanganyika.
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Tanganyika District.
The boundary of the closed area in this district has been fixed at a distance of ten miles from the shores of the Lake, and a similar distance from the Lovu River as far up stream as the crossing of the Abercorn-Mporokoso Road.
Restrictions as to Movement, &c., in these Closed Areas,
The following have been approved :-
(1) That no natives be permitted to live within these closed areas.
(2) That no native be allowed to enter these areas except at the discretion of
the District Official or Medical Officer.
Tanganyika District.
Dr. W. H. T. Storrs.
No fresh case of the disease has been found since October, 1910. Segregation Camp. Since the establishment of this camp the total number of cases admitted has been 34.
Of these five were found west of the Lovu River, from Niamkolo and Kasakalawe on the Lake shore.
There are now six patients in this camp, none of whom have for some time shown any signs of the disease; it is anticipated that these can shortly be discharged with safety and the camp closed.
Glossing palpalis. Distribution. The Lovu River has been examined by Dr. Storrs, from the crossing of the Mporokoso-Abercorn Road down stream to the Lukwesa crossing. No fly was found up to a point about six miles north of this crossing; thus there has been no extension of fly up stream since the limit was defined by Dr. Leach (1909).
The Lake shore was also examined from Kasakalawe to Kituta, and also some six or seven miles up the Lunzua River.
Fly was found to be abundant at both Kasakalawe and Niamkolo. No fly was found at Kituta.
Clearings.-The Mwepwe and Kanone Clearings, on the Lovu River, are still
maintained.
Mweru District.
The late Dr. D. C. Master.
One new case of the disease has been found during the last eighteen months, that of " Nampweto " (mother of a former patient). This infection was in all probability contracted at Shiwiri's Village, on the northern border, where this woman lived before the removal of the village.
Owing to the complete removal of the population from Glossina palpalis areas it is unlikely that more than a very few other cases, which may up to the present have escaped detection, will be found in this district.
Segregation Camp. (Kawambwa. There are at present six cases in this camp, namely:--
Kaneke Casimota
Moa
Wauni
Kabwe (female)
Nampweto (female)
Treatment.-Atoxyl injections.
5th January, 1913. Glands only.
1st March, 1913. Glands only. April, 1912. Glands only.
April, 1912. Glands only.
1st February, 1913. Glands only.
1st March, 1913. Glands and blood.
Glossina Palpalis. Distribution.-No change has taken place in that previously recorded, with the exception that during July, as reported by Dr. C. E. Storrs, no
fly could be found at the mouth of the Luao River.
This is probably a seasonal change only in the distribution of this species; fly was numerous at this place during the preceding February.
Kilwa Island.
A careful palpation of the population of this island did not lead to the discovery of any case of the disease.
Fly is numerous on the Belgian shore in close proximity to the island. The absence of the disease is a strong argument in favour of this fly being uninfected.
These people are now recruited for local labour.
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PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE
Reference :-
.............................. C.O. 885
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Moved Villages.
Conditions are reported as satisfactory.
Luapula Division.
Dr. E. G. Storrs.
Glossina Palpalis. Distribution.-No extension of fly has occurred on the Luango and Mansa Rivers.
The clearing at the Mansa-Chofosi Junction has been maintained. Removal of Villages.-The villages recently removed from the sleeping sickness area are as follows:-
Chisunka Group (Chisensela, Katanga. Mutante, Marapula) were removed to a site about three miles east of Kasempe on the Luafumu River. Chemesi Group (Musekwa, Kapoli, Muloshi) have been removed on to the
Chofosi stream about one and a half miles north of Chemesi, There is now only one village, Chansa, on the Kashya stream, a tributary of the Lukundushi River, remaining on the sleeping sickness area.
Kapwepwe, Kapolwa, Mutando, and Musakanga have moved into Congo territory.
Segregation Camp. Fort Rosebery.
Fifteen cases have recently been discharged as cured; they are still under super- vision. None of these cases had exhibited trypanosomes for at least two years. Eight cases terminated fatally, and one escaped into the Congo.
Of the remaining cases it is hoped that three will be discharged cured within the next few months.
Treatment. Atoxyl and mercury.
GLOSSINA MORSITANS-TRANSMITTED HUMAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS.
THE PRESENT
POSITION OF THE DISEASE IN NORTHERN RHODESIA. Since the date of the last Report (February, 1912) twenty-nine cases of the disease have been found, namely:
Natives:-
European
1 case
Ndola District
9 cases
Petauke District
4 cases
Fundu Detention Camp
Moika District.
1 case
2 cases
1 case
5 cases
2 cases
2 cases
2 cases
29 cases
Chinsali District
Plateau Area
Valley Arca
Lundazi District
Serenje (Plateau Area)
Ndola District
Nkushi District
Total
The total number of cases found since August, 1909, therefore now amounts to 95; 66 of these have previously been reported.
Petau ke District.
1. An examination of the northern part of this district during November and December last year resulted in the finding of nine cases, or three less than a similar examination carried out during the previous year.
Mpika District. (Valley Area.)
2. Examined by Dr. Kinghorn, June, 1913, 91 per cent. of the censused popula-
Two cases of the disease were found.
tion was seen.
This identical area examined at periods varying from eighteen to twenty-four months previously had resulted in the discovery of 8 cases.
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Lundazi District.
3. The examination of the southern third of this district was carried out during July and August by Dr. Kinghorn. Five cases were found, a result which is identical with that of an examination carried out there by Dr. A. F. Wallace during December, 1911, and January, 1912.
Chinundu and Rukusi Areas.
year.
These were examined by Dr. H. Leach during August of this No cases of trypanosomiasis were found. The ground covered was practically identical with that covered in the earlier part of 1911, when five cases were found.
Fundu Detention Camp.
Some 17,000 natives from the various parts of the Luangwa closed area and Nyasaland have passed through this camp, en route for Southern Rhodesia and elsewhere. Four cases of the disease have been found amongst them.
Fundu and Southern Border Road Area.
Was examined by Dr. R. S. White during September and October, 1912. 2,300 people were seen, one case only of the disease being found.
Lukasashi Valley,
Was examined by Drs. F. O. Stohr and A. D. Edington during June and July, 1912. No case of the disease was found.
Plateau. West Serenje District.
Lulimala and Lukulu Rivers.
The fly area in the neighbourhood of the Lulimala and Lukulu Rivers to the east of Lake Bangweolo was examined by Dr. G. W. Ellacombe during October and November, 1912.
Twenty-four villages were visited and 3,247 people examined.
One case of trypanosomiasis was found (at Chitono's village).
Dr. Ellacombe draws attention to the fact that of the only two cases of try- panosomiasis previously found in this fly area, one, " Nandwe " (Case No. 3, 1910 report), was also a native of Chitono's village. The other, " Ngalandi " (treated by Dr. Brown at the Chitambo Mission), came from Chimesi's village about six miles away, and suggests that there is a focus of infection in this locality.
Fly Distribution. (West Serenje District. With occasional interruptions due
to the nature of the country (swamp and open plain) fly is numerous throughout this
area; the fly-belt extending roughly from the neighbourhood of the Livingstone Memorial on the east, to the Bangweolo swamps on the west.
This district was previously examined by the late Dr. D. C. Master in July, 1909.
No cases were then found.
Mpika District.
Ngoa-Chambezi Fly-belt.
This was examined by Dr. Kinghorn in February of this year.
1,038 people were seen (census population, 1,041).
No case of the disease was found.
Dr. Kinghorn gives the following table of the relative incidence of glandular enlargement in men, women, and children in this area :--
Men
Women Children
Totals
I
:
Per cent with
Totals.
Glands
Glands.
X
X-
X - -
115
119
236
49-5
131
219
350
37.4
253
199
452
55.9
0
2
199
537
1,038
48.2
200
000