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A post mortem held on this showed nothing abnormal beyond small patches on the liver, which appeared to be fatty degeneration. Blood peripheral and internal, negative; temperature 100 2°-102-4°.
4. Kid, female, about three months old, said to have been ill two months, coat very good. Animal ate well till about the fifth day, when I was told it refused to eat. That afternoon it died in convulsions, Temperature 1024.° Blood examined immediately before death negative. I held a post-mortem at once, and found patchy pneumonia at bases of both lungs, with fresh adhesions on pleuræ over these parts. Stomach loaded with food, but appeared to be normal as were the other organs. Right kidney only present. Internal blood negative. Temperature ranged from 100° to 1038°.
5. A liver from a goat killed by the French pères showed tubercles. This I am told resembles previous ones.
Dogs (Native).
1. Adult male, belonging to the headman of the rubber cutters at Namagonga, said to have been ill five months, and sleeps nearly all the time. Dog is extremely emaciated and never barks, sleeps a great deal, eats very well, no diarrhoea, stools examined negative for ova. Blood examined four times. Temperature ranging from 100-2° to 100-4°; it shows some polymorphonuclear leucocytosis, but negative for trypanosoma and pircsoma.
2. Adult male, used for hunting, been ill one year. Coat lustreless, and hair Blood examined twice, does not lie well. Dog is not as emaciated as previous one. and showed a few trypanosomes in both fresh and stained films. No paralysis present. Temperature 101°.
3. Adult male, also used for hunting. Duration of illness not known. Coat quite lustreless, and hair does not lie well. It is extremely emaciated, but eats fairly well, and is still used for hunting, though it appears weak. Blood negative.
Adult male, found in a shamba in fly area. Said to have been ill a year. Coat lustreless as in the others. Animal emaciated and weak, and after walking about appears to have great difficulty. in expiration, each attempt being forcible, and with a loud wheezing sound, worse at night. Blood examination showed trypano-
4.
somes.
5. Adult male, said not to be ill, though it is distinctly out of condition, coat poor, and 1ody somewhat emaciated. Blood examination negative.
6. Adult male similar to No. 3, and from the same locality (Bugala), about four months ill. Blood examination negative.
I examined three other young dogs (not ill), but found nothing. Of the six dogs above, I am of opinion that the disease is the same in all, and, though four yielded negative results, it is possible a future examination may reveal the parasite.
The natives here are extremely timid, and refuse to admit that they consider it to be sleeping sickness, though to the père I understand they did. The owner of the dog No. 1, a more intelligent person, frankly admits that he and the people in his village say it is sleeping sickness as the dogs sleep so much.
Last week one died in this village, and some time back another in another
village, but they would not admit a great mortality in past times.
The fact that trypanosomiasis exists in the dogs at least is undoubted.*
Of the goats, whatever may have been the cause in past years, I have found
nothing to connect trypanosomiasis with their sickness.
Of cormorants and other lake birds, my examination, some 20 in number, have been so far negative, and the only mortality I have heard or from the fisher folk, was of some nesting cormorants. However, I have not seen their nests and young so far, but I understand the selfson is over by some-two months.
I would like to record here my thanks to the members of the Bomanji Mission for their extreme courtesy, and the valuable assistance they gave me in finding and obtaining for me the various animals for my examinations, which their intimate know- ledge of the place and people facilitated.
Bougu, Sese Islands,
(29/7/06.)
To Dr. A. Hodges,
I have, &c.,
R. VAN SOMEREN.
Medical Officer in Charge Sleeping Sickness Extended Investigations,
Entebbe.
• See Sleeping Sickness Commission, Report No. VI. of Royal Society, p. 275.-A. D. P. Hodges.
•
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APPENDIX D.
EXPLANATORY ADDRESS ON SLEEPING SICKNESS TO THE NATIVES OF THE UGANDA
PROTECTORATE.
By A. D. P. HODGES, M.D., Lond., &c., &c., Medical Officer in Charge, Sleeping Sickness Extended Investigations, and Acting Senior Medical Officer, Uganda Protectorate.
Sleeping sickness has for the last five years been a scourge and a terror in the Uganda Protectorate, especially round the shores of Lake Victoria Nyanza in Uganda and Usoga and, more recently, in the Bachopi country on Lake Albert.
2. Many thousands of Bangarda and Basoga have died and many are still sick. Many of the men most useful to the country, such as the canoe-men and fishermen and the islanders and those who traded with the islands, are lost to us.
3. All intelligent natives who think about these things will understand that no country is any good without plenty of people in it, and that the stronger. healthier, and more numerous the people are, the better it will be for the country and the people in it, not only for the natives, in this country, but for the British also. They will understand, therefore, why it is that the British Government wishes to stop the spread of this terrible disease, to save the people and to make the country good for them to live in. They will understand, too, why the German Government nave also now sent one of their greatest doctors and are spending mucli money to try and prevent the disease from spreading to the people in their country also.
4. When sleeping sickness first came among the natives no one knew any thing about it, neither whence it came nor how people became sick with it; and even white people knew very little about it. So the Government has spent much nicney and many of the officials have worked very hard for a long time to find out as much as could be known about how to prevent it and how to cure it.
5. Unfortunately no cure has yet been found and it does not seem likely that one will be discovered for a long time. But we are still trying hard to find one and we have now found out many things about the disease of which we are quite sure, and by these we hope to prevent many people from catching it, and to Le able to stop, in the future, any great spread of the sickness such as we have seen in the last five years.
6. It is very difficult, however, to help people who will not help themselves, and it will be difficult for us to protect those natives against sleeping sickness who will not trust us and try to help us, even a little, to protect themselves. But we hope that the more intelligent nations, especially the Baganda, who know us well, will trust us and help us to do what we know will be of use in preventing the disease, and to make good use of those truths which we have taken such pains to learn.
7. We, the Europeans, very few of us got sleeping sickness even before we knew anything about it, and now that we know, we feel sure that we can protect ourselves, and that very few of us will ever get it. Even those of us who have run great risks among the sick in order to gain a knowledge of the disease have, by taking care, most of us escaped it, so you must know that we do not take all this trouble and spend all this money to save ourselves, but to save the people of the country. But, as I have said, if the people are made well and strong and numerous the country is made better for us as well as for you.
8. When sleeping sickness became common every one noticed that, as has been mentioned, the Europeans did not as a rule get sick, and we know now that this is only because from wearing more clothes, and from their habits and occupa- tions, and especially from their clearing large spaces where they live, work, trade, or travel, that they are much less likely to be bitten by the fly "kivu."
9. But, if Europeans can escape so often, it is certain that many natives also could escape, if they knew how, and if they would act according to their knowledge. 10. I want to tell them, then, by what means many of them can escape, and
I hope that they will try their best to make use of these means.
11. And so I will first explain, as simply as I can, what we have found out about sleeping sickness, about the kivu, and the way people catch the disease.
12. The kivu, no doubt, has been always with us, but its bite was harmless, and it is still harmless, unless it has bitten some one who is sick with sleeping sickness.