16981
18
No. 30. CEYLON.
THE GOVERNOR .to THE SECRETARY OF STATE.
(Received May 13, 1907.)
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(No. 226.)
The Queen's Cottage, Nuwara Eliya, Ceylon,
April 24, 1907.
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[Printe l'except the portions in the enclosure in [] as No. 3 in Appendix VII. to [Cd. 3992], March, 1908.
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FRAMBOESIA TROPICA (YAWS).
By ALDO CASTELLANI, M.D., Director of the Clinic for Tropical Diseases, Colombo
(Ceylon).
In Venezuela and other South American countries the name Bubas is much used; [according to Breda and others, however, the disease known as Bubas differs from true Framboesia.]
...
SYMPTOMS.
Constitutional symptoms of severe nature are generally absent during the whole course of the eruption in ordinary cases; the physical examination of the internal organs does not reveal anything abnormal; a few superficial lymphatic glands may be enlarged, [but in my experience this is not a constant feature.] The analysis of urine does not reveal anything abnormal. The stools may contain ova of various worms, but this also is of frequent occurrence in normal natives.
*
*
[INOCULATION EXPERIMENTS OF YAWS IN MAN.
Paulet (1848) inoculated fourteen negroes with the secretion taken from yaws granulomata. All of them developed yaws, the incubation period varying from twelve to twenty days, when at the place of inoculation in ten cases the first nodule of yaws appeared, soon followed by a typical general eruption. apparently the eruption did not start from the seat of inoculation.
The investigation of Charlouis (1881) is most important. He first took four cases of yaws and inoculated them at various spots with the secretion of their own yaws in three cases at the place of inoculation typical yaws granulomata developed. Charlouis also inoculated thirty-two Chinese prisoners who had never suffered from the disease-with crusts and scrapings of a yaws case. In twenty-eight cases the disease developed, beginning always from the seat of inoculation.
Moreover, Charlouis inoculated a native suffering from typical yaws, with syphilis. The inoculation was quite successful, a primary syphilitic sore develop- ing, followed by all the usual types of secondary eruption.
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That yaws patients are not immune against syphilis is proved also by Powell, who described two very interesting cases of syphilis supervening on yaws.
PERSONAL EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS. Inoculation of yaws in monkeys.
My first experiments made at the beginning of 1905, on a "purple-faced monkey" (Semnopithecus cephalopterus) were negative. In February and March of 1906 I made some more experiments of inoculation on three monkeys on the genus macacus, with positive results in one case. The monkey which was successfully inoculated with yaws, was later successfully inoculated with syphilis with positive results. In the meantime, Neisser, Baermann, and Halberstädter, published in the Munich Med. Woch. (No. 28, 1906), a report on their results on the inoculation of yaws in monkeys, coming to the conclusion that monkeys of a high, as well as of a low, type are susceptible to be infected with yaws; and that monkeys immunized for syphilis do not become immune for yaws.
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