Sheet XII.
MASONRY DAM ACROSS NULLAH
At Inlet of Sewers above Town
Serving as Catch-pit to Retain debris and silt And also as a Ventilating Shaft.
FIC 49.
SECTION ON LINE A. B. THROUGH VENTILATING SHAFT.
Storm Ove
Catch Pit
Ventilating Shaft
The Dry Weather Flow of Nellah entere Sewer by opening A Storm Water, after filling the Latch-
-pit escapes to Server by the Fontilating collected in Each pit be flushing.
Sluice B enables Water to be
C. C. dre pipes closed by plugs which, when the Catch Pit is full of silt serve to draw off the water to allow it to be cleared out.
FIC 50.
CENERAL SECTION OF DAM.
Saver to Townu.
FIC 61.
PLAN OF CENTRAL PART OF DAM
Shewing Ventilating Shaft.
Ground
Line
Catch Pit
FIC 52.
SECTIONS OF NULLAH Lower Side of Dam
FIC 53.
Upper Side of Dam
FIG
54.
Half Barrel Brick Drain
10.
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PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE
C.O. 882
Reference:+
4PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE, LONDON ALLY WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE BE REPRODUCED PHOTOGRAPHIC- COPYRIGHT PHOTOGRAPH——NOT TO
Dangerfield Lith 22.Bebrond S ́ Covent Garden
#12Page 481
PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE
་། ། ། ་། ། །
Reference
C.O. 882
PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE, LONDON
ALLY WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE BE REPRODUCED PHOTOGRAPHIC- COPYRIGHT PHOTOGRAPH-NOT TO
{
11
Chinese house
different to
29. The usual type of Chinese house in Hong Kong is essentially different to that in The type of use on the neighbouring mainland. This is due to some extent, no doubt, to European in Hong Kong
of influence and example, but principally to the necessity for economy
space on account is quite of the high price of land and the great cost of preparing level sites for building. This that in China. shows that the Chinese are not so averse, as commonly supposed, to change their habits to suit altered conditions.
bouse, small
30. According to immemorial custom, in one respect at least, the street frontage of the Ground plan of house is narrow, being 13 to 16 feet only. The depth back from the street is large, botage, and varying from 30 to 60 feet. Even the houses of the wealthy are formed by uniting great depth. several of these narrow units by doors or archways in the party walls.
of house to
31. If the site be level the houses are often built back-to-back, no lane or space being Arrangement left between them.* If the ground be sloping there will be a lane or gulley at the back, mit ground. often not more than 5 feet wide, sometimes less, and frequently this lane will be at or Back-to-back near the level of what is the first floor in the street in front.t
houses. Lanes. Partial base- ment floors.
Description of
Back-to-back
32. Figures 1, 2, 3 give the general appearance and leading dimensions of a house in Kai-ming Lane, Canton Bazaar, the district so frequently referred to in the correspond house in ence with the military authorities. Between Kai-ming Lane and that next and parallel to Canton Bazzar it, are two rows of houses built back-to-back, having a common back wall, and no open construation. space between them. This is by no means an unusual method of building, especially in Figs. 1, 2, 3. the flatter parts of the town. The house depicted in this sketch is a fair specimen of its class, and was selected quite at random. The ground floor in front is completely open to the street, and is used as a shop or workshop, but in it the shopkeeper or some of his assistants usually sleep. At night the front is closed by upright wooden bars, fitting into sockets in the threshold and lintel, behind which again, in cold weather, shutters are placed. The floor in this case is of rammed earth.
various uses. -
33. In the house shown in the drawing, as in almost all other dwellings at the rear of Cookhouse the building, on each floor a portion about 7 feet deep is separated from the rest of the and its house to form the "cookhouse." For the inhabitants of the floor the cookhouse has to serve as kitchen, latrine, urinal, and general backyard, and in it not unfrequently may be found the bed of some member of the family. The floor of the cookhouse is of granite blocks. Usually it is broken up and disjointed by the efforts of the cook to raise the sink stone to clear the drain or by splitting firewood.
34. In back-to-back houses, as well as in some of other construction, the ground floor Smoke-hole. is ventilated and the smoke escapes by a "smoke-hole" in the first floor, usually about Went of 4 or 5 feet square.
There are similar smoke-holes in the floors above, and in the roof.
In the house shown in the sketch, however, the smoke hole in the floor was but 12 inches square. Chimneys are the exception. If they exist but little smoke goes up them, the greater part, if there be no smoke-hole, escaping by the windows, blackening the walls in a most unsightly manner.
chimneys.
floor.
35. Very frequently a space is boarded off on the ground floor in front of the cook Arrangement house, forming a store or bedroom. Often a sort of platform or gallery is erected above of ground this, on which several artisans work at their benches, or on which several beds are made. From the ground floor again, a further portion is cut off, containing the narrow steep stair, leading to the upper floors.
wide.
36. In the house in Kai-ming Lane, like the great majority of dwelling-houses, the Arrangement upper floor is divided off by board partitions into cabins about 9 f et long and 10 feet of upper foer.
Each of these forms the dwelling of an individual or family. These cabins do not extend to the full height of the storey. On the contrary they are but about 7 feet 8 inches high; for in order further to economise space a platform or floor, locally known "cockloft," is constructed above them. The cock loft is almost universal in dwellings of the middle and poorer classes.
89 8
Cable space.
37. In this house in the upper floor only there were five families including 16 souls. Number of There were here three cabins and a platform extending over them, and over the inhabitats. passage. Hence the total cubic space per head was 437 cubic feet, and this includes the whole domestic accommodation, with the exception of the cookhouse, and not sleeping room only, which in the case of the cabins does not exceed 130 cubic feet per head. It must be remembered that the lower floor rarely belongs to the inhabitants of the upper floors. Very frequently each floor is leased separately from the owner, or from his "comprador," and sublet again to individual lodgers.
• Figs. 1, 2, 8, Sheet I.
↑ Figs. 9, 10, Sheet IL.; Fig. 17, Sheet III; Fig. 22, Shent IV. Fig. 25, Sheet V.; Fig. 29, Sheet VII.
B 2