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The municipal health administration in Nanking introduced a medical relief and health service by creating 17 health centres and 5 sub-centres giving free service in matters of maternal and infant welfare, vaccinations, school hygiene and health education. (Since 1934 it maintains a municipal hospital of 120 beds. The Government Central Hospital received in 1935 6,300 in-patients and cared for 122,000 out-patients. In addition, 477,000 cases were treated in the municipal clinics. In October 1935 the Municipal Health Administration, the Central Field Health Station and the Central University at Nanking jointly organised a model urban health station at Ssu Pai Lou ( a quarter of Nanking), which served a population of 150,000, and gave opportunities for practicalt raining to nearly 400 health officials of all kinds during its first year of activity.
The Municipality of Peiping maintains a general hospital, an isolation hospital, one for mental diseases and another for drug addicts. It also maintains three health stations and an institute of infant welfare.
At Canton the Municipality maintains a general hospital, one for communicable diseases, 6 health centres and 2 quarantine stations, in addition to lunatic asylums, leprosaria and homes for the blind, etc.
Rural Organisation.
Rural health stations and sub-stations play an important part in spreading health measures and particular- ly health education.
74 health centres and 144 sub-stations or clinics are now (February 1937) located in the Provinces of Kiangsu, Kiangsi, Chekiang, Hunan, Anhwei, Shensi, Kansu, Ninghsia and Chinghai.
These stations, which are maintained partly by local funds of the districts (Hsiens) are under the control of the Provincial Governments. Some of them are used for demonstra- tion purposes, training of staff and for experiments by the Central Field Health Station at Nanking.
Health penetration in the country begins as a rule by the giving of popular health instruction and simple medi- cal treatment to the sick and the carrying out of maternal and child welfare work among the villagers. Training of village health helpers capable of vaccinating against smallpox, registering births and deaths and reporting communicable diseases, is undertaken in certain centres.
Health centres serving a sub-district with a popula- tion up to 50,000, have a staff consisting of a physician, a public health nurse, a midwife and several health helpers. The sub-stations are usually managed by a woman nurse t rained in midwifery and public health.
Control of Epidemics.
The National Quarantine Service, reorganised in 1930 with the help of experts of the Health Organisation of the League of Nations, has for its essential object the prevention of importation by sea of communicable diseases