This p per sets out the views of the Overseas Public Relations Co-ordination Committeo on how the 1967 Disturbances have affected over-seas confidence in Hong Kong and how efforts can be made to retain and foster overseas confidence. There is also an account of the steps taken so far to achieve this objective.
1.
New Factors Influencing Overseas Confidence in Hong Kong
(a)
(b)
Up to 1966 Hong Kong was able to conduct its economic and social life relatively detached from the political considerations of China; China had a strong but passive influence over the colony's affairs. The start of the Cultural Revolution attracted even greater overseas attention towards China. It was when the revolutionary fervour caused disturbances in Macau that Hong Kong began to be associated with events occurring in China. There was apprehension that Hong Kong might be similarly affected.
When street disturbances started in Hong Kong in May, 1967, many people, both in Hong Kong and overseas, were shocked into thinking that China might soon take over Hong Kong. People assumed that this was likely cither because of a policy decision in Peking or by an invasion from Kwantung Frovince without the blessing of Peking, or by subversion from within the colony which would be effective enough to destroy the British control of Hong Kong. Even if people did not assume that China would take over Hong Kong, they were at least reminded that China could take Hong Kong, and prompted to think that it was likely sooner or later because of the anti- imperialist posture taken by China.
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/(All).....
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-2-
(b)
(c)
(a)
(c)
(f)
All publicity which drew attention to Hong Kong's close proximity to a China in convulsion, especially news about the disturbances along the border, crented doubts where before people had tended to ignore such dangers.
Unbalanced and sensational reports, as well as even reasonably ccurate reports of violent incidents during the disturbances, reinforced assumptions which people had already made about a general lack of safety; a lack of safety both for individual persons within the Colony, and a 1ck of safety against subversion.
There was some evidence of a lack of confidenco locally which, when observod, reported upon, or merely allogod, gave depth to convictions about the insecurity of Hong Kong, e.g. the number of people who made arrangements for themselves or especially their children to leave the colony increased, representing a drin of better educated persons, withdrawl of funds from banks, enquiries about factory sites in Taiwan or Singapore, and the postponement of business vontures and expansion plans,
The disturbances not only focussed world-wide attention on Hong Kong, but also in many instances drew attention to the social conditions of the Colony which, to the more advanced outside world, appeared to them to be conducive to discontent and thus by implication to revolt, c.g. labour conditions, a shortage of opportunities for youth and crowded and squalid housing conditions. Less sympathetic commentators highlighted those con- ditions by contrast with the signs of great wealth in the colony; other commentators were not slow to advance allegations of the constitutional anachronism of Hong Kong as a Colony.
Competitor countries in the 3.4. Asia area, such as Japan, Taiwan, Thailand and the Philippines, though basically concerned that Hong Kong should not disappear as a buffer between them and China, woro not slow to take any advantage they could from the withdrawl of buyers, investors or tourists from Hong Kong. they later realised that, as far as tourists are concerned, their prospects were inter- linked with those of Hong Kong.
/ (2).....
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2.
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(3)
Evidence of Decline of úverseas confidence in Hong Kong
Buyers
(a)
(b)
(c)
(a)
Ás in initial assessment the buyers for whom delivery periods are short, and those who would nced time to look elsewhere and are therefore committed, have not placed fower orders: Somo buyers whose orders require longer to deliver and are able to look clsewhere are known to be hesitant, and in some inct nces not placing orders. Some buyers for mail order companies or chain stores arc taking steps to reduce do- pendence on liong Kong products. In the long term there is a threat to the hitherto sustained growth of exports.
Investors
Although inv.stment which has already been committed has continued, those investments have been predominantly in service industries, rather than in m nufacturing. There has been very little new investment by local or overseas Capital. Re-investment also appears to have slowed down.
Tourists
There has been a slow-down in the growth of the tourist industry, both in the number of arrivals, investment in new facilities and the actual business transected. Group tour operators are already apprehensive about sust.ining or incrcas- ing their operations. Som tourist carriers are cutting down on their visits to Hong Kong, either in duration or number of visits.
General public opinion overseas has been more critical of social conditions in Hong Kong by making comparisons with those in more adv.nced countries. Part of this critical comment has been m:licious or part of ill-dduced assessments of the causes of the disturb neus, sone has been an inability to appreciate why British rule in Hong Kong is not able to advance more quickly to the standards by which peopl、 in Brit in live.
/(3).....
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CONFIDATIAL
(4)
3.
4.
Themes which have been used to retain and foster overseas confidcncc
(a)
(b)
(c)
(a)
(c)
(1)
(6)
(h)
The continued fast rate of expansion of the colony's cxports.
Tourist facilities unimpaired and increased numbers of tourists able to enjoy their stay in safety.
Few large projects continued to progress e•E• expansion of the Hong Kong Llectricity Company's gencration capacity, the reclamation off Wanchai, the Peninsula Electric Power Company development, and vist now low-cost housing estates.
The continuing normality of life in schools, shops and factorics; industrial production con- tinued to increase and the port worked fluently and officiently.
The cool-headedness of the Administration and the efficiency and restr. int of the Folice Force.
The very numerous cxpressions of support for the Gove nment by representative organisations and quiet rejection of the communists by the population as a whole.
China earns a large proportion of her forcign exchange earnings in and through Hong Kong.
Poking did not initiate the disturbances in Hong Kong, in fact the P.L.A. often restrains demonstrators at the border.
(i) The extremely small number of local communists
and their dividedness.
Guide-lines for Future Action
(a) The use of a central co-ordinating committee to
advise on the public relations offorts in the parts of the world most important for Hong Kong and to act as a forum for new ideas,
/(b).....
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1
(b)
ê
(c)
(a)
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(5)
The main theatres of operation to be the U.S.A., Canada, U.K., Surope, Japan, B.1. Asia, Australiá and parts of Africa. Each theatre présents different problems; though the targets may be broadly similar in each the tro the tactics to be used and the emphasis on various thenes will be different.
The Targets for the confidence-building offorts are buycrs, investors, tourists, sellers, foreign governments, oversees Chinese in 3.0. Asia and, indirectly, overseas public opinion.
Themes. Different targets require different emphases. The three main targets at which special efforts need to be made are buyers, investors and tourists. It is also thought that sone effort should be made towards those who sell goods to Hong Kong.
In the blue-print which follows, under cach target is given (A) the composition of the image and (B) the main factual detail which lies behind the imago It is anticipated that any public relations offorts directed toverds cach target group will demonstrate the facts given in (B) in order to create the inpression given under (A).
Target: BUYERS
(A) Inage
1. Good profits.
2. Goods casy to sell.
3. Value for money. 4. quick delivery.
5. English widely used.
(B) Themes underlying Image
(a) People work, hard,
quickly, and efficiently
(b) Lively, intelligent, onterprising and dynamic nonagoments. (c) Chinese workers hwe
very high dygroo of
manual skills, dexterity
also ingenious.
-
(a) Production highly
flexible in volume and product design.
(e) Sophisticated and ex-
Derienced comercial
infra-structure.
/(£).....
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(6)
(B)
(1) Sound banking facilities
(6) Minimum and casy
documentation proceduros.
(h) Efficient cargo-handling
both soa an air.
(i) Frequent air and sea
services in and out of Hong Kong which is
centrally located for East
asian routes.
Targets: INVESTORS
(A) Image
(0)
1. Rapid returns 2. High growth rate
from high base.
3. Stable government.
4. Stable economy
5. Dedicated to freo
enterprise
6. Low tax::tion.
7. Loading world
tr ding unit.
8. English widely used.
(3) Themes underlying Image
(a) Free port status. (b) Sophisticated and ex-
perienced connercial infra-structure.
(c) Good air and sea communi-
cations.
(d) Convenient and efficient cargo handling godown facilities.
(c) Consumer preference for
imported goods.
(1) Equal access for all
cuppliers.
(g) Vell established trade
links throughout S.B.Asia
The treatment of such theme will be to present in a nanner most likely to appeal forcefully to the target group at which it is being aimed.
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/(1)...
5.
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(7)
(f) Tactics. It will be necessary to decide which media/ modium is best suited for particular targets, in
particular regions at certain times. The media possible
aro:-
(1). DIRECT
-
ncusp.pers, newslettors, pamphlets. Personal and individual contacts. Trade Delegations.
(ii)INDIRECT-advertising, influencing newspapers
correspondents, agency representatives radio conmuntators. Use of radio or T.V. progr, unes. Use of films. Aside' tele- grans. Influencing a third party who in turn will influence the target.
(c) Tools. The organisations through which the effort
vill bo nado are listed in para.4. The employment of Public Relations consultants will be made on carefully selected and defined projects.
(h) Timing can be as important as the message itself and
will be kept in mind.
(i) Translation It is important that targets be approached
in their own languago whenever possible.
(j) It is recognised that the overall Public Relations
offort must be sustained.
Principal Agencies engaged in retaining, repairing and fostering overseas confidence.
In Hong Kong :
(a)
(b)
(c)
(a)
(0)
(f)
H
Government Information Services.
Department of Commerce and Industry.
Trade Development Council.
Federation of Hong, Kong Industries.
Tourist Association.
Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce.
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/(In)......
In the U.3.A. :-
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(8)
(a) Washington D. C.
-
British Embassy.
-
(b) New York
-
Counsellor for Hong Kong Commercial Affairs at the British Embassy.
Tourist Association's
representative.
T.D.C.'s representative. Tourist Association's
representative.
(c)
In major cities
-
British Consulates-General
(a)
(e)
Tourist Association's representative in San Francisco, and consultants in
Los Angeles, Chicago, Boston and Dallas.
Chambers of Commerce
In Canada:-
(a) British High Commission, Ottawa and Trade
Commissioners in provincial capitals.
(b). Tourist Association Consultants in Toronto,
Montreal and Vancouver.
(c) Chambers of Commerce
In Britainï-
(a) Hong Kong Government's London Office
incorporating the Department of Commerce and. Industry and the Government Information Services.
@
(b) Trade Development Council's representative
and P.R. consultants.
(c) Tourist Association representative
(a) Hong Kong Association
(e). A Ship Owners sub-committee dealing
especially with seamen.
(f) Chambers of Commerce.
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/In Europe
I
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(9)
In Europe:-
(a) British Missions in all capitals and
consular posts in many cities.
(b)
(c)
Counsellors for Hong Kong Commercial Affairs, British Embassy, Brussels, and British Mission, Geneva.
T.D.C. representatives in Europe (operating from Brussels) with the services of Public Relations consultants in Paris, Bonn, Geneva, Milan, Hamburg, Stockholm and Barcelona.
(d) · Chambers of Commerce.
In Japan:-
(a) British Embassy in Tokyo and consular posts
in certain major cities.
(b) Tourist Association's representative.
(c) Chambers of Commerce.
In Australia:-
(a) British High Cô,missioner's Office and
Deputy High Commissioner's Office in state capitals.
-
1.D.C.'s representative.
(c) Sydney Tourist Association's.
ê ê ê
(b) Sydney
representative.
(a) Chambers of Commerce"
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/Other countries
6.
Other countries:-
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(10)
(a) British Missions in all capitals, and consulates in many major cities.
(b) Chambers of Commerce
(c) Trade Development Council's
representative in Nairobi.
(a) Tourist Association's representative
in Beirut.
Steps taken to retain, repair and foster overseas confidence
(i) In Hong Kong
(a) The Government Information Services have
been ensuring that overseas correspondents resident in Hong Kong aro regularly briefed and at briefing sessions have influenced the correspondents to file balanced copy with a sympathy for, and confidence in, Hong Kong. This work is a continuing process, the objective being to build up trust in as many correspondents as possible. Some correspondents remain to be convinced. In addition, G.I.8. has maintained casy and accurate facilities for obtaining information, either by calls on the newsroom or by arranged visits to the border or to actious during curfews or cordons; these steps were and are necessary if correspondents are to convince their editors that they are obtaining accurate, first-hand news
matorial. Because it is known that some
overseas correspondents might draw their material from local newspapers, some attempts have been made to influence local papers to produce a confident tenor in their stories.
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/(b).....
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(11)
(b) The Government Information Services has encouraged overseas radio and T.V.
producers to give coverage to the
normality and progress to be found in the Colony.
(c) Guidance reports have been sent by
agencies in Hong Kong to overseas representatives so that they might be well briefed when making contacts with persons abroad. G.I.3. in particular has been sending such bulletins twice daily to their overseas representatives and T.D.C. representatives. Also increasing use has been made of guidance telegrams to
British Missions overseas.
(d) Literature designed to promote confidence
was sont out by the various agencies either by direct mail or via overseas
(e)
(f)
(g)
representatives to the wide variety of persons who have an interest in Hong Kong. (See Annexure A).
Some overseas representatives have been recalled to Hong Kong for up-to-date verbal briefings. (See Annexure B).
up-to-
Businessmen in Hong Kong have been briefod by Government and their Associations on current trends so that they may themselves retain confidence and in turn emanate confidence whenever dealing with overseas associates.
Various trade and business leaders from Hong Kong, when travelling abroad, have used every possible opportunity to give radio or T.V. interviews, lectures or personal talks to engender a feeling of confidence in Hong Kong. (See Annexure C).
(h) Hong Kong rather than a European city was
used us a venue for talks with a trade delegation from the Benelux countries during the disturbances as a gesture to show that the Colony was quite safe for such a purpose at that time.
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/(ii)...
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(12)
(ii) In overseas countries (in addition to the action
by representatives mentioned above)
(a) In the U.S.A.
(b)
A T.D.C. Mission visited many cities displaying products and giving publicity to Hong Kong. Plans have been made for the promotion of a Hong Kong Association. Publicity has been arranged for Hong Kong's Festival of Fashion. Tourist Association ran a promotion operation in 26 cities in conjunction with Cathay Pacific Airways.
In Canada
A T.D.C./General Chamber of Commerce mission toured Canadian cities promoting sales for specific products and goodwill.
(c) In Britain
Special newsletters vero unde up and mailed by G.I.S./T.D.C. to approximately 400 businessmen and politicians with a special interest in Hong Kong. H.E. the Governor gave a press conference in the Commonwealth Office and also addressed the London Chamber of Commerce, A committee to discuss influencing attitudes of people in Britain towards Hong Kong was formed.
(d) In Europe
T.D.C. representatives embarked on lecture tours throughout Scandinavia, West Germany, France, Holland, Belgium, Switzerland and Spain. Also monthly
newsletters were distributed to businessmen.
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/(e)......
(e) In Japan
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(13)
Informal contacts were made by the British Embassy with newspaper correspondents and a Japanese-spe king staff member was sont to Hong Kong to build better contacts with locally-based correspondents from Japan. Tourist Association arranged special displays in Osaka and Kyoto.
(f) In Australia
A lecture tour was planned by the T.D.C. representative. A supplement on Hong Kong was prepared for the Australian Financial Review. Tourist Association representative gave television and press interviews.
(g) In East Africa
A T.D.C. Trade Mission embarked upon a trade promotion tour.
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
(14)
Overseas Public Relations Co-Ordination Committee
J. Cater, Deputy Colonial Secretary (Special Duties)
(Chairman)
Mrs. S. Yuen, Executive Director, Federation of
Hong Kong Industries
Mr. R.G.L. Oliphant, Executive Director, Trade
Development Council
Major H.F. Stanley, Executive Director, Tourist
Association
Mr. G. Archer, Executive Director, Hong Kong General
Chamber of Commerce
N.J.V. Watt, Director of Government Information
Services
D.C. Rivett-Carnac, of Government Information Services
C.P. Haddon-Cave, Deputy Economic Secretary
. Dorward, Assistant Director, Commerce and Industry
Department
J.R. Locking, Assistant Secretary (Special Duties)
(Secretary)
October, 1967
COLONIAL SECRETARIAT
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T
Literature Distributed Overscas (Main items only)
ANNEXURE 'A'
1.
From G.I.S.
No. of Copies
(a) "To Seamon and Their Families" Leaflet
5,000
(b)
"To Seamen and Their Families" Leaflet (Revised)
5,000
(c) "Dear Friends Overseas" Leaflot
20,000
(d) Reprint of "Made in Hong Kong" (E)
"High Fashion" (E)
5,000
5,000
"Hong Kong Comes to East Africa"
10,000
@
(e) Letters to Oversea Friends
40,000
(f) The World of Hong Kong No. 1
8,000
(g) The World of Hong Kong No. 2
20,000
(h) "Radio Broadcast - Jobs available at the Seamen's Recruiting Office" Poster
1,500
(i) Reprint of "High Fashion" (3)
10,000
"Made in Hong Kong (E)
10,000
"Facts of Hong Kong"
7,500
(5) Seamen's Recruiting Office Bulletin No. 2 (E)
2,000
(C) 25,000
LE
(k) Hong Kong Cones to Australia
(1) The World of Hong Kong No. 3
2,500
::
11
門
7,500
35,000
@ @ @
(m) News Letter to Hong Kong Seamen lio. 1
10,000
(n)
"Parliamentary Salutation" Leaflet
2,000
"Message to Seamen" by ilong Kong Government
(o) "Hong Kong Government's Message to Seamen (E) 1,000
(p) (q) "Against Intimidation" Poster
(C) 25,000
3,000
10,000
(r)
"Economic Progress" Leaflet
100,000
(5) Dear Friend No. 2 (E)
(t) "Seamen's" Poster
7,000
(0)
60,000
2,000
(u) "Return of H.E. the Governor" Leaflet
150,000
(v) Poster for Restaurants
2,000
(Note:
E
-
C =
English Chinese)
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1
CONFIDENTIAL
ANNEXURE 'B'
Overseas Representatives who were recalled to Hong Kong for Briefing
From U.S.A:
lir. K.T. Woo, T.D.C. Representative in New York.
From Britain:
Mr. Lorenzo Lo, T. 4. Representative in San Francisco.
Mr. Ronald Boxall, of Hong Kong Government's London Office.
Mr. H.T. Woo, Liaison Officer of Hong Kong Government's London Office.
Mr. H. Curtis, H.K.T.A.'s Representativė.
From Australia:
Mrs. V. Manson, H.K.T.A.'s Representative.
From Japan:
Mr. J. Revoir, H.K.T.A's Representative.
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ANNEXURE 'C'
Leading Hong Kong Personalities who made visits overseas
The following persons visited the countries as listed in giving personal talks, press, radio or T.V. interviews:-
(a) U.K.
Mrs. S. Tuon
Mr.
G. Archer
(b) U.S.A.
Mrs. S. Yuen
Kr. R.G.L. Oliphant Major H.F. Stanley
(c) Canada
Mrs. 3. Yuen
Mr. G. Archer (with Trade Mission) Major H.F. Stanley
(a) Europe
Mr. R.G.L. Oliphant
Mr. N.J.V.
latt
Major H.F. Stanley (Athens)
(e) Japan
Major H.F. Stanley
(f) Philippines
Mr. J. Carlos-Clarke
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transferred
to
HWB 13/28
52
With the compliments of
FOREIGN OFFICE/COMMONWEALTH
OFFICE
(C. Wilson)
Information Research Department
21/11/67
LONDON, S.W.1.
R. 318.
PA
On
file
7.
111/840/3
CONFIDENTIAL
Foreign Office/3.0., Riverwalk House, Millbank,
LONDON 2.1.1.
47 Kovember, 1967.
952
ws/ele
I am replying to your letter of 19 Osteber to John Teek en various infometiem matters esansated with Hong K
2. I am sorry that Douglas Rivett-Carnae did not get an acknowledgement to his nost useful letter on the structure of the Hong Kong information machine which was discussed at the meeting of the Hong Kong Working Growy mentioned 34) in Littlejohm Coak's letter of "3 October to you.
3. As regards your suggestion that Stanley Ellis should be seconded to Hong Kong later next year, this can be discussed with Douglas Rivett-Carnae when he returns in Deceber and with littlejohn Cook when he returns fres his tour of South East Asia, I have passed a copy of your letter to Geninare in the Commonwealth Office.
On the questim of feature writers, I have not seen John 51.imming myself but he has been warnly recommended
so by those who have known him, According to his biogma phẳ-- oal note, which I sneless, he has background on the far kinat and journalistic experience which would sɛam to suit Fast him for the job you have in mind. Let me know if you want me to take any further action at this end.
5. The background material referred to in paragraph 4 of your letter is being received by J.I.P.G.D. and myself. We find it very useful in preparing basɛground pieses but it is largely rewritten and goes aut in a form which would not offend against your agency agreements,
407.8/1
(C. viism)
K.J.Y. Watt Esq. Information Servioss Hong Kong Gerasament, Visieria
PONG KO
RECEIVED IN
ARCHIVES Nr.63
22
2/1967
HW/B13/22
HONG KONG GOVERNMENT OFFICE
MALL LONDON
S.W. I
PALL
5 4
Our Ref: 1/3/42/220CD.
CONFIDENTIAL
53
21st November, 1967
HWD 13/22
1961 AON ZZ EGON SEAIHDUV,
NI CAREY
+
Сарна
Dear Bill,
As requested, I enclose two additional copies of the paper by the Hong Kong Overseas Public Relations Coordination Committee, together with two extra copies of the Minutes of the London Liaison Committee.
sent
t
Mr Whisa - IRD M"
Min Showe- JIPGD
ANS.
22/1.
A.W.Gaminara, Esq., Commonwealth Office, Curtis Green Building,
Victoria Embankment,
LONDON, S.W.1.
Yours sincerely,
Pat fengua
(P.C.M.Sedgwick).
R. 318
R&R on propaganda file
File this letter but not the
Encl: POMS/VMH.
TELEPHONE WHITEHALL 01-930-7951
CABLES HONGAID LONDON S.W.I
Et aut of
Please
sund the cittached
M°C. Wilson of IRD.,
House
Riverwalk Howm
to
Mis
J, Stowe,
ذا
J.I.AG.A.
Co Some of
King Charles ST,
Complimang shap
ANG
22.447.
under
CONFIDENTIAL
HWB 13/22
Mr. C. Alson (Information Research Department)
Hiss J.A. Store
(J.I.F.G.D.)
I onolose a copy of a confidential paper which has been
sant to us by the Hong Kong Government Office in London. The
paper sets up the views of the Oversona Public Relations
Co-Ordination Committee in Hong Kong on steps to maintain
overseas confidence in llong Kong.
is not intended for publication:
It is a working paper and
it is for the use of members
of the Comitise in Hong Kong and their counterparts oversens.
2. I should be grateful if you would let me know by telephone
or otherwise whether you have any comments on anything in the
papor.
R. 318
(A. W. Gaminara)
22 November, 1967.
minutes at fo
Pe. esime
Ang
22, 1, 67.
they one
one cute
о
19/11
!
CONFIDENTIAL
HWD 13/22
Mr. C. Wilson (Information Research Department)
Miss J.A. Stove
(J.I.P.G.D.)
24
The
I onolose a copy of a confidential paper which has been sent to us by the Hong Kong Government Office in London. paper sets up the views of the Ovorsona Public Relations Co-Ordination Committee in Hong Kong on steps to maintain overseas confidence in Hong Kong. It is a working paror and is not intended for publication: it is for the use of members
of the Committee in Hong Kong and their counterparts oversers.
2. I should be grateful if you would let me know by tolephone or otherwise whether you have any componis on anything in the
paper.
(A. W. Gaminara)
22 November, 1967.
R. 318
Pe
tsime
मिठ
22.11.67.
at fe
+her one wouk
D29/11
CONFIDENTIAL
PONFIDENTIAL
Reference.....
Note by Lord Shepherd on his visit to Hong Kong.
EXTRACT.
From HWA 22
22/22
22. Before concluding I should mention the field of information.
The external problem is that of sustaining, international confidence in Hong Kong, and seeing that the world has a picture events and achievements in the Colony. A good deal is happening on this front. A Working Group in London is co-ordinating the
effort, and a flow of material is being fed to posts and into all appropriato media. Hong Kong have had an officer from London on secondment with the job of gearing local efforts to
A substan- fit in with the needs of the world-wide operation.
+
tially increased flow of material from Hong Kong has been arranged and there is now a good and creative working liaison between the information machine in London and the Department in Hong Kong. The Embassy in Tokyo have seconded an officer to Hong Kong. It is planned to send a feature writer from
C.0.1. to join the Hong Kong Information Deportment.
25.
Internally there are a series of separated but related → problems how to counter attempts by the P.L.A. to subvert
how to neutralise Chinese communist troops on frontier duty:
activity with fishermen and agriculturists in the New Territories P IVED IN
AF
- No. 63
COMPDENT
CF
-
4/61313/22
and, most important of all, how not only to counter communist propaganda in Hong Kong but to sustain the morale of the Hong Kong Chinese and bring them to an understanding of the purpose and policy of the Hong Kong Government, As I mentioned earlier my impression was that there is at present a gulf between Government and people in Hong Kong which urgently needs bridging. I believe this "hearts and minds" problem has got to be tackled much more vi¿orously and effectively, not a job which can be done for Hong Kong from the outside.
It is
!
!
I
Reference...
CL
4.
PART 'Bi