G S Barrass Esq, Peking
Mrṛłagan
SM
Enter
MA416
21. (
Mituste tag fro int
CONFIDENTIAL
BPAI~x
217
1217
3/28 & 2/1
J AL Morgan Esq
DAD
FCO
RES BRIC ILD
enter
通
36
OFFICE OF THE BRITISH CHARGE D'AFFAIRES
PEKING
F
24 May 1971
Cappy to 8088 (tur Auff) SAD (Hur. Syfterland)
시
Dear John,
+
FEC
1. John Fraser, the Canadian Chargé d'Affaires, has told me that during
the recent diplomatic tour he had a conversation with Lin P'ing of the
Western European and American Department of the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs about Ceylon. Lin said that the Chinese fully backed the
Government of Mrs Bandaranaike and that the extremists who were causing
her trouble were being encouraged by the "imperialista". Fraser pointed
out that this was manifestly absurd and that by taking this line the
Chinese were in danger of falling into the same error as the Americans
had done at certain stages in the Cold War when they attributed any
development which they did not like to the machinations of the
Communists. Lin said that this was not a subject on which he expected to
agree with Fraser.
2. Ceylon and East Pakistan cre good examples of where the Chinese clair
to support revolutionary movements everywhere comes unstuck.
IRD May
well have already considered exploiting this. I would certainly see no
objection if it were done in any unattributable way. At the same time,
it might be pointed out that though the Chinese have expressed
disapproval of hi-jacking (and presumably by extension of diplomatic
kidnapping) it was after all Hao who said that political power springs
from the barrel of a gun and most of the extremist groups profess
support for his teachings.
cc JDI Boyd Esq Washington
Miss K Draycott IRD FČO
Chancery, Colombo
Chancery, Islamabad
Yours ever,
John
J B Jenson
RESTRICTED
8.a.
presume you are already doing this.
Marean11011
Indeed me awe
Ro(this fram wool) in as disccels in
effectan a way as we can.
JAL
ogu tring
SECRET
34
Far Eastern Departmant
cc. P.S. to Mr. Royle
U.N. (Political) Department
AUSTRALIAN RELATIONS WITH CHINA
Gapy to Peking Chur. Jenom)
(umberra (har. Hewitt)
SWPD (krr-fiers)
Enter
MA3%
The attached letter from Mr. Pritchett arrived this morning. It shows
that the interview between the Australian Ambassador in Paris and his
Chinese colleague went much as you and I would have foreseen. Even if
Mr. Renouf's instructions were to avoid the questions of recognition and
establish ment of diplomatic relations the Chinese got straight down to
both these subjects. Mr. Pritchett said this afternoon that they had had
some further comment on the talk from Kr. Renouf. Basically his view was
that no doors had been closed and that the Chinese Ambassador by saying
that he did not wish "to discuss Taiwan today" had shown that he was
willing to have another
discussion at some future date.
2. Mr. Pritchett snowed me the text of a telegram from Sir J. Plimsoll,
the Australian Ambassador in Washington, regarding a conversation which
he had had with the new Nationalist Ambassador, Mr. James Shen, on 25
May. The most interesting features of this
were:
3.
(a) kr. Shen said that while his Government would vote
against Peking beng allowed into the General Assembly they could
probably live with the presence of two Chinas in the General Assembly,
but they (Taiwan) would have to. remain as members of the Security
Council. I commented to Mr. Pritchett that this seemed wholly
unrealistic.
(b) Throughout the conversation Mr. Shen referred to his
Government as exercising power throughout the whole of China of which
Taiwan was a part. There was no indication of any willingness to claim a
smaller sphere of influence.
(c) In answer to a question from Sir J. Plimsoll Mr. Shen said that the
Nationalists had no plans for a "large scale invasion of the mainland".
(a) In response to a question about the free Taiwan movement
Mr. Shen said that 3 or 4 of the members of the Government who totalled
13 were "Taiwanese" (Sir J. Plimsoll did not take him up on this),
(e) Mr. Shen said that the President had encouraged him to
keep in touch with the White House and the State Department, but it was
perhaps interesting that Mr. Shen said that nis own initial call on Mr.
Rogers had lasted precisely
5 minutes. Sven given Mr. Rogers other preoccupations this seems rather
short.
We should be discreet about any further discosure of what Mr.
Pritchett told me on this subject.
السلام
2 June 1971.
K M Wilford
CONFIDENTIAL
r
1
OFFICE OF THE HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR AUSTRALIA.
AUSTRALIA HOUSE,
LONDON, WC2B 4LA.
1st June, 1971
Dear Mrichsel,
I informed you on 27th May of the approach being made that day by our
Ambassador in Purls to the Ambassador of the People's Republic of China
there as an initial step in opening a dialogue with the Govern- ment of
the F.R.C., beginning with some of the mattera of mutual interest at
present being landled through third parties, or not at all, and
including trade, the presence in the P.R.C. of Australian nationals,
cultural and sporting exchanges etc. Explicit reference to reconition
and the establishment of diplomatic relations with Peking were to be
avoided by our Ambassador, the Australian Government having taken no
decision on these questions.
I now write to inform you that at the meeting on 27th lay our Ambassador
opoke along these lines. The P.R.C. Ambassador's response was directed
solely to the quetion of recognition and the establishment of diplomatic
relations. lie enunciated five obstacles to diplomatic relations :
(a)
(b)
"Australia followed the United States";
Australia participated in the war in
Vietnam;
(c) Australia had diplomatic relations with the ROC;
(a) Australia alvocated a "two Chinas" or || China/one Taiwan" formula,
and
one
(0) Australia notud in a hostile way towardu China.
In reply our Amba ondor said that:
4
(a) Awstralia did have extremely close relations with the United States
and placed great value on thom. Thouo woro nutu al (and China should
Tomombor what the V.3. And dono for hor in the Second World War). These
relations would continue.
/... 2
!
- 2
-
(b)
There was "an aggressive war" in Vietnam but Australia's allies were not
the aggressore. In any event, the war there was dying away: the
situation was such that Australian forces were gradually being
withdrawn.
(c) He did not understand the assertion that Australia acted in a
hostile way towards the P.R.C. and would like an explanation.
Our Ambassador also said that surely Australia's relations with the
United States and the Vietnam question could not be regarded as
obstacles to the normalization of relations.
-
The P.R.C. Ambassador agreed that these two latter questions should not
be allowed to block the normalization of relations. He went on that
Australia's hostility towards the P.R.C. lay simply in the obstacles he
had stated namely, Australia's relations with Taiwan and her advocacy of
the "two Chinas" or "one China/one Taiwan" formula. The P.R.C. believed
in the development of diplomatic relations with all countries, including
Australia, on the basis of the five principles of peaceful co-existence
but, in the case of Australia, there were these twin obstacles and they
had first to be removed by Australia. Taiwan, he continued, was a part
of China; the Cairo and Potsdam Declarations said so and even Truman had
said so before the Korean war.
No further headway was made in the ensuing discussion and the meeting
ended on the note that a further talk would be held if and when either
side wanted it.
I should be grateful if you could pass the foregoing to your Government.
May I again stress the secret nature of this information and ask that it
be closely safeguarded.
Yours sincerely
(W. B. Pritchett)
Mr. K..Wilford, OMG,
Ausistant Under-Jecretary of Stute, Foreign and Commonwealth Office,
Downing Street (West),
London, S.W.1.
SECRET
Er Vilford
Flag A
2.
2.
Flag D
GOSTI DIREIAL
I
RECOGNITION OF MA : AUSTRIA
Ky ninute of 24 May,
On 28 May the Austrian Govemment recognised the Chinese People's
:epublic, ▲ sopy of the Joint Commmiquê in attuebed. this brings the
total of countries which have recognised the Chinese Zeople's Republie
sine s Osteber last year to nine (plus the Republie of San Marine).
3. In their statemt the Austrians have simply recognised the Chinese
People's Republic as "the sole logai Government of China' In contrast to
the statements issued by the Cana ana and Italians last year, no mention
is made of Taiwan, The present phrasing is the least
ouanding of the formulae on recognition which the Chinese have required
of other governmenta. It omfiras our impression that the Chinese are
prepared to be flexible ever vording in order to keep up the momentum of
their drive for vider recognition. Host of the countries currently
negotiating with the Chinese would be likely to have little difficulty
in accepting the Austrian formula.
2 June 1971.
Cenz tet
Kr Logan
enari ek
Hy simona PUSO
XP Stratton UI (P01) Dept
He Drinkală VEÐ
Sir ? urimelov
SCHST DESTIAL
#I
J & L Morgan
far Bastern Departmen
F
1
Mr Tixford
CONFIDENTIAL
RECOGNITION OF CHINA
Mr Mayan
has seen
WAY
380, Ente
гору
30
FEX 2110
1. Since October last year eight countries, and the
Republic of San Marino, have recognised China. The countries
are Canada, Italy, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Chile, Nigeria,
Kuwait, and the Cameroon. A growing number of other countries
are reported either to be negdiating with the Chinese or
considering recognition. This minute gives an account of these
moves.
2. There appears to be a good chance that Iran will
recognise the Chinese People's Republic. The Shah's sisters,
the Princesses Ashraf and Fatemeh, recently made separate
visits to China where they were very courteously received.
Both spoke encouragingly on their return about prospects for
recognition though they were at pains to emphasise that the
final decision rested with the Shah. In a press interview
the Shah said that China could not be ignored, and criticised
the Nationalists for withdrawing their Embassy as soon as a
country recognised Peking.
3. The Turkish and Chinese Governments have issued
statements recently that their Embassies in Paris are
negotiating on recognition. We have no news about the progress
of the talks. Then Chou En-lai met a Turkish journalist in
- 1.
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
This is v
Is
important
Giril meriahan Context.
Mas
the
Peking on 13 April he made friendly remarks about Sino-
Turkish relations. The Turkish Foreign Hillister said on
25 April that "positive results" had been achieved in
discussions within his Government on recognition, but
apparently no firm decision has yet been taken. The
Chinese are reported to be interested in obtaining air
traffic rights through both Turkey and Iran. It is doubtful
whether the Chinese would have made their unprecedented
announcement that contracts were under way in Paris if they
did not consider that the prospects for success were
reasonable.
4.
The Austrians began discussions with the Chinese through
their Embassies in Bucharest on 14 April. The Chinese are
reportedly demanding that the Austrians recognise Peking as
"the sole legal Government of the entire Chinese people" and
that they vote for the Albanian Resolution. The Austrians
are reluctant to countenance Chinese claims to Taiwan in any
form. The talks seem destined to drag on for some time. The
Belgians were originally negotiating with the Chinese but the
talks appear to have broken down. The Belgians have been
consistent advocates of a "two Chinas" approach.
5. The Senegalese are apparently under some pressure from
neighbouring countries to recognise Peking. Malian and
Kauritanian delegations have been in Feking recently
discussing aid including the
development of the Senegal River,
- 2 -
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTI AL
in which Senegalese participation would be almost essential.
President Senghor personally is apprehensive over the spread
of Chinese influence among his neighbours, but may eventually
have to give way to pressure from outside.
6. On 5 May the President of Mexico told the press that
his Government is studying the possibility of establishing
relations with Peking.
7.
▲ 5-man Chinese delegation led by Deputy-Minister of
Foreign Trade, Chou Hua-min, visited Peru from 22-28 April
and signed trade agreements. The Peruvians are expected to
send a return delegation to China. Like the Mexicans, the
Peruvians are attracted by trade prospects, in their ase the
sale of fish meal, fish oil, and minerals. They are also
encouraged by Chinese expressions of support for their demand
for a 200-mile limit for territorial waters. A great deal
will depend upon Peruvian calculations of commercial interest,
but they may also be influenced by the development of Sino-
Chilean relations.
8. There have been unconfirmed reports that the Lebanese
are considering recognition, particularly following the
establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Kuwait.
Mauritius has been considering the possibility of recognition
for some time. Agreement was reached in 1968 to establish
relationa "at a convenient time", but nothing was done to
implement it. Since then the Mauritians appear to have been
dragging their feet. Relations with Ghana were suspended in
1967 and it would not be difficult to restore them. According
- 3-
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
and orden of in 1966
MA
to the French, the Tunisians, who recognised Peking in
1964, are about to exchange Ambassadors.
9. In the longer term Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand,
have indicated interest in moving towards a more formal
relationship with Peking, provided that the Chinese agree to
end their support for subversive movements and to recognise
the three Governments. Sino-Indonesian relations are presently
suspended; Indonesian Ministers have recently made a series
of ambiguous speeches in favour of better relations with
China provided the two conditions above were met. The Thai
Foreign Minister recently said that a policy of relaxing
tension with China had the support of the entire Thai
Government. The Thais are apparently reducing their propaganda
against China in the hope that the Chinese will reciprocate.
The visit of a Malaysian Trade Mission to Peking this month
(when the Chinese referred for the first time to Malaysia
rather than Kalaya in public statements) and the tour of
Malaysia by a Hong Kong Communist dance troupe, has led to
speculation about improved Sino-Malaysian relations. But the
Chinese have shown no disposition to withdraw support for
subversive movements in the three countries concerned, and it
looks as though any move towards mutual recognition and the
establishment of formal relations between China and Malaysia
and Thailand (and resumption of relations in the case of
Indonesia) will be a lengthy process.
4
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
10.
In the short term therefore the most likely candidates
for Ecognising Peking appear to be Iran, Turkey, and Mexico,
with Peru, Senegal and Austria as rather more long-tem pros-
pects. But the movement towards recognition of Peking is
gathering
speed.
24 May 1971
Co, ied to:
Mr Logan
Mr Renwick
Mr Simons PUSD
I am
SAL Magen
J A L Morgan
Far Eastern Departent
am anxions about BOAT in the light of possibile relaties with Iron a
Turkey
This will give
the Chaina
vote out va
Pakistan, Afghanistan, Svan, Turkey to
Romania. They will
Mr Stratton UN (Pol) Department Hr Smith Near Eastern Department Mr
Banbury West African Department Hr Brewer Research Department
Persian Gulf longer cont Passion
rights
we shall have
contre-partie. Should
we not be more active?
25
- 5-
CONFIDENTKAL
تجھے
NOTHING TO BE WRITTEN IN THIS MARGIN
Registry No.
SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
Top Secret.
Secret.
Confidential,
Restricted
Unclassified. LVA
PRIVACY MARKING
די
-----➖ ➖➖ ➖ ➖➖➖➖➖ ➖➖ ▬▬▬▬▬-----
DRAFT
To:-
CONFIDENTIAL
Kinute
Mn Willand
Gripy combing
Copy to:
Mr Logan
Mr Renwick
Me Villued-
In Confidence Mr Simons PUSD
Kr Stratton UN (Pol) Department The. Smith Arear Ersten began fament
Mcbantany WAS RECOGNITION OF CHINA M. Brewer Riz
Sepiate
Cleaned with WAD,
NET) ~ LAB
MAY
Type 1 +
From
J A..Morgan
*Telephone No. & Ext.
Department
336
1. Since October Jést year eight countries, and the
Republic of San fino, have reagnised China. The
countries are Chada, Italy, Equatorial Guinea,
Ethiopia, Chilé, Nigeria, Kuwait, and the Cameroon.
A gro:ing number of other countries are reported either
to se negotiating with the Chinese or considering recogni-
tion. This minute gives an account of these moves.
2. There appears to be a good chance that Iran will
recognise the Chinese People's Republic. The Shah's
sisters, the Princes Ashraf and Fatemeh, recently made,
to
Both visitei China where they were couteously received.
wing
Apok: encouragingly on their return about prospects though they were at
paris to unchaice that thermal division retted will the Shah's for
recognition. In a press interview the Shah said
that China could not be ignored, and criticised the
Nationalists for withdrawing their Embassy as soon as
a country recognsied Peking. There
re are indications that
the Chinese and Iranians pay aire :dy ☆ in contact
Art
suvou;l their Embrosies in a third country]
1 -
-
CXFIDENTIAL
TWA LEE MOGŁ DARZEZ PO (IRISH]
CONFIDENTIAL
3.
The Turkis:1 and Chinese Governments have issued
statements recently that their Embassies in Paris are
negotiating on recognition. We have no news about the
progress of the talks. 7hen Chou On-lai met a Turkish
journalist in Feking on 13 April he me friendly
remarks about Sino-Turkish relations.
The Turkish
unprecedented
Foreign Minister said on 25 April that "positive
results" had been achieved in discussions within his
Government on recognition, but apparently no firm
decision has yet been taken. The Chinese are reported
to be interested in obtaining air traffic rights through
Iris dowliful whether the Chinese warld have heade their preceded both
Turkey and Irend
immancement that contacts were underway in Paris if they 4. The
Austrians began discussions with the Chinese
through their Embassies in Bucharest on 14 April. The
nov (msides (hak the Z
prospects for succes Chinese are reportedly demanding that the Austrians
recognize were hopeful. Peking as "the sole legal Government of the
entire Chinese people" and that they vote for the Albanian
Resolution. The Austrians are reluctant to countenance
Chinese claims to Taiwan in any for
talks seem destined to droge of
The Haldus selam destined to
the
z
I
O
aras on for some time. The Belgians were originally negotiating with the
Chine
but the sun artear to have been
Aition. The Belgians havez
theen consistent navicates of
A "two Chiness" appprace.
5. The Senegale are apparently under some pressure fo recognise Peking
from neighbouring countries, who
kave a substantiel Strinese presence. Walian
and Mauritanian delegations have ben in Feking recentl discussing aid
including the development of theSenegal
wundc River, in which Senegalese participation what be abuelt
essential
Abative-attempts were made in 1961 to begin
DECOBUTIK)
between Sanogal and îhium.
President Senghor personally is azurajal apprehensive
over the spread of Chinese influence among his
neighbours, but ma
eventually have to
Pressur
2
-
CO..FIDENTIAL
to pressure from outside.
NOTHING TO BE WRITTEN IN THIS MARGIN
WOBIL S1-7400
Relations wilt
Whan were suspended in
CONFIDEN. IAL
6. On 5 May the President of Mexico told
the press that his Government is studying
the possibility of establishing relatio 18
with Teking/1 5-man Chinese delegation led
by Deputy-Minister of Foreign Trade, Chou
Hua-min, visited Peru from 22-28 April and
signed trade agreemÁT. The Peruvians are
expected to send a return delegation toChina.
Like the Mexicans, the Peruvians are
attracted by frade prospects, in their case the
minerals sele of fish meal, fish oil, and
are also encouraged by Chinese expressio..s of
support for their demand for a 200-mile limit
for territorial waters die eruviais"?
will
ały sinoa tony Hi
Lisaricane-cong- tha
A great deal will depend upon
Peruvian calculations of commercial interest,
but they may also be influenced by the
development of Sino-Chilean relations.
18
There have been unconfirmed reports that
the Lebanese are considering recognition,
particularly following the establishment of
diplomatic relations betweenChina and Kuwait.