Miss Deas
反
The 2/4
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We must move
very cautiously -It seems that the sealin
of leking next year
by
in
no means a certainty & we must watch the situatin
вет under havoid being out thanked on
to ling of
ņ Wilfords version the
American Attitudes towards Chinese
Representation in the United Nations
A. R
Flag A
In paragraph 4 of my submission of 29 October I said that our Embassy in
Washington would be sending us their assessment
of current American thinking on China and Chinese represent-
ation in the United Nations. The P.U.S. minuted that we
should pay close attention to White House opinion on this
subject.
Flag B 2.
Flag C
We have now received Mr. Boyd's letter of 12 November.
The position is still by no means clear. Moreover, we gleaned little
beyond what is in Mr. Boyd's letter from Mr. Marshall Green or Mr.
Jenkins (Head of Asian Communist Affairs Department in the State
Department) when they were here for the Anglo-
American talks last week. Our impression was that the
Americana were keeping their options open.
3. In his speech to the General Assembly on Chinese representation on 12
November Mr. Phillips, the U.S. represent- ative, stressed American
opposition to the exclusion of Taiwan
rather than opposition to Peking's entry.
This has led to
some speculation that the Americans may be moving over to a
"two Chinas" position.
No doubt, this is one of the options
CONFIDENTIAL
/which
CONFIDENTIAL
which they will be considering, but in our view they would
still have considerable difficulty if they ever tried to
persuade the Nationalists to accept the idea.
4. We will talk to the Americans again when we have both
had a chance to digest this year's General Assembly vote.
SALMorgan
(J. A. L. Morgan)
20 November, 1970.
Copies to:-
Hong Kong Department (Mr. Laird) U.N. (Pol.) Department (Mr. Lambert)
American Department (Mr. Wiggin)
As far as the U.S. position is concerned however much the President may
wish to move towards recognition of Peking he will be up against those
seeking to devise a new blocking method for the U.N., whether of a "two
Chinas" kind or not. The U.S. C.G. in Hong Kong is dedicated to the
pursuit of a new blocking method. I sincerely hope that we would have
none of this.
2. For us the problem is whether we should continue to demand that the
question of the China seat be resolved first in the
/General Assembly
CONFIDENTIAL
2
+
CONFIDENTIAL
General Assembly or not. It could be argued that as more than half of
the members want Peking in, but she is kept out by a blocking device in
the Assembly, the matter should be pursued elsewhere. (This could be in
any of the U.N. bodies which is
sovereign in relation to its own membership, e.g. the Security Council).
The "important question" would not arise in other
such bodies, I do not think. I have asked Mr. Morgan to submit
on the attitude which we should take on this.
3. On the assumption that we maintain our position that the General
Assembly should take the plunge first what should we do if, against our
vote, a U.N. body not the General Assembly
-
admits Peking? This could happen and if it happened once I have a
strange suspicion that the habit might spread. In such circumstances
would we go a voting against Peking because we wanted to see this issue
decided first in the General Assembly? This would seem to be going down
with the sinking ship with a vengeance but again I have asked Mr. Morgan
to look at the situation carefully and will not prejudge the issue.
4. Finally the question of what the Americans will do now is
going to be a matter for N.S.C. study. This is likely to take time and
the Embassy at Washington will have to keep their ear close to the White
House ground.
Kim Wriffo
(K. и. Wilford)
24 November, 1970
I think myself that the contingency postulated by Mr. Wilford is a
fairly remote one but I quite agree that we ought to be prepared for it.
CONFIDENTIAL
/2. The
CONFIDENTIAL
2. The recent debate in the United Nations on Chinese
representation seems to have demonstrated clearly that reluctance to
acquiesce in the eviction of Taiwan is more widespread than reluctance
to accept the seating of Peking.
The fact that the Americans are now stressing their opposition to the
exclusion of Taiwan rather than their opposition to Peking's admission
no doubt reflects the genuinely held views of a number of people
within the
United States administration.. But it must also be
that it is realised by the Americans a the approach most likely to
receive widespread
tactica Epport and therefore the best line
to follow peperiostad. Of course, in the absence of some quite
unexpected change of heart on the part of both the Nationalists and the
Peking Government, to
resist the eviction of Taiwan has the same effect as to
oppose the seating of Peking.
By Tomlinson.
Blow
(F. S. Tomlinson)
26 November, 1970
oxgreentull
27/xi
LIST OF VOTING AT PAGES 31-40
UNITED NATIONS
GENERAL
ASSEMBLY
iz qu
Plane copy pages 31-40 to
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радо
RDIFE) Hir. Hoare (UN) Misi Bishop
Mr Appl
1146
PROVISIONAL
WIRD (Mix Arayi 1913
A
November 1970
man
ENGLISH
Ander
|MAZE),
file
President:
Twenty-fifth Session
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
PROVISIONAL, VERBATIM RECORD OF THE NINETEEN HUNDRED AND
THIRTEENTH MEETING
Held at Headquarters, New York,
on Friday, 20 November 1970, at 10.30 a.m.
Mr. HAMBRO
(Norway)
Restoration of the lawful rights of the People's Republic of China in
the United Nations [97] (a) and (b) (continued)
Report of the Economic and Social Council: report of the Third Committee
[12]
This record contains the original text of speeches delivered in English
and interpretations of speeches in the other languages. The final text
will be distributed as soon as possible.
Corrections should be submitted to original speeches only. They should
be sent in quadruplicate within three working days, to the Chief of the
official Records Editing Section, Office of Conference Services, Room
LX-2332, and incorporated in a copy of the record.
AS THIS RECORD WAS DISTRIBUTED ON 23 NOVEMBER 1970, THE TIME-LIMIT FOR
CORRECTIONS WILL BE 27 NOVEMBER 1970.
The co-operation of delegations in strictly observing this time-limit
would be greatly appreciated.
70-70370/A
.
DR re
APV.1913
AGENDA ITEM 97
RESTORATION OF THE LAVPUL RIGHTS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA IN
THE
UNITED NATIONS (continued):
(a) DRAFT RESOLUTION SUBMITTED BY AUSTRALIA, BRAZIL, COSTA RICA, GABON,
GAMATA,
HAITI, JAPAN, LESOTHO, MADAGASCAR, MALAWI, NEW ZEALAND, NICARAGUA,
PARAGUAY, PHILIPPINES. SPAIN SWAZILAND, THAILAND, TOGO AND UNITED STATES
OF AMERICA (A/L.599 and Add.1):
(b) DRAFT RESOLUTION SUBMITTED BY ALBANIA, ALGERIA, CUBA, GUINEA, IRAQ,
MALI,
MAURITANIA, PAKISTAN, PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO, ROMANIA, SOMALIA,
SOUTHERN YEMEN, SUDAM, SYRIA, UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA, YRMEN,
YUGOSLAVIA AND ZANDIA (A/L,605)
The PRESIDENT: Yesterday morning the Assembly concluded the debate on
this item and heard some explanations of vote before the vote, I shall
now call on the other representatives on the list who wish to explain
their vote
before the vote.
Hr, KHIM FIT (Cambodia) (interpretation from French): My delegation
recognizes the importance of the question of the admission of the
People's Republic of China and would like to specify its position in the
forthcoming votes. The following factors vill muide us.
Cambodia, follows a constant policy of reciprocity and peaceful
coexistence in its foreign relations. The People'■ Republic of China has
violated the principles of this policy by supporting foreign aggression
against our country which is a Member of the United Nations.
We again declare that we are in favour of the principle of the
universality of the United Nations, but we oppose the admission to this
Organization of any country which does not respect the elementary
principles set forth
in the Charter.
The PRESIDENT (interpretation from French): Before calling on the next
speaker I once again vish to remind the representatives of rule 90 of
the rules of procedure of the General Assembly which states:
"The President shall not permit the proposer of a proposal or of an
svendsent to explain his vote on his own proposal or amendment",
:
Diy re
+
A/PV.1913 3
Mr. MABETAFIRA (Madagascar) (interpretation fr French): For several
years my delegation has clearly stated its views relating to the
question of the representation of Chins. That position has not changed
because, in our view, despite the argumenta presented from this rostrum,
we are unable to consider, with objectivity and precision, that coinland
China has renounced an ideology whose specific nature and aggressiveness
are a source of reel concern to a freedom and peace-loving country such
as mine, Far be it from us to advance the idea that China must forever
be
barred fron international life. But it is just as obvious that any
participation in international life must be accompanied by a femal
undertaking to ensure that the society to which ve wish to belong should
not be unduly troubled or oven disintegrated. Ty subscrthing to the
principles and objectives of the Charter, ve subscribed to a precise for
of
It is co-operation and peaceful and friendly relations among States.
therefore normal that we should not accept that this co-operation and
there pesceful relations among States, as va understand then, and we
advocated by the Charter, be deceased, internreted and defined in a way
which would
ignore the principles of the United Nations by hasing itself on
ideological concepts which are far from being shared by the majority of
States,
In representing and defending the draft resolution contained in document
A/L.605, several delegations have come formed with arguments that ve are
familiar with and on which I should like to comment very briefly in
order to explain the vote of my delegation.
First, on the question of universality we willingly supported that
principle. but this must not be considered as en essential condition for
our Organization to achieve the objectives which it has set for itself.
Further, my delegation thinks that it is much more necessary to see to
it that there be univerexlity of acceptance of the principles and
objectives of the Charter and the obligations flowing therefrom, rather
than advocating a universality which, no matter how important, would
remain merely formal as long as those to whom it should be awlied seem
to vant to make use of it for their own political and ideological
benefit,
DR/TC
A/FV.1913 L
(Hr. Rabatafika, Madagascar)
L
IR/rc/lf
A/FV.1913 5
(r, Rabetafika, Indagascar)
Moreover, is there not a contradiction in draft resolution A/1.605,
presented in the name of universality and which at the sans time would
like to deprive 15 million human beings of any representation in our
Organisation?
In the name of universality, are ve going to mcrifice the legitimate
aspirations and fundamental rights of a people, whatever its numerical
size?
Can universality be conceived only through substitution or subtraction?
It that were so, we would be entitled to ask what would be the place of
small peoples such as ours in an international society where the notion
of universality would be accompanied by flagrant injustice.
It has also been said that mainland China le à great country with
industrial pover.
700 million inhabitanta, a great nuclear Fouer, and a first-clase
aconnate and
These are realities which are irrefutable and we do not intend to refute
them, But the positive contribution of a State to the achievement of our
objectives cannot be measured by ita scope or power.
We are also inclined to believe that in many cases and according to the
principles of our Organization, he greatness and the power of a State,
since under the Charter we are all sovereign and equal States, should be
evaluated according to its loyalty and dedication to the principles of
the Charter and its ability fo fulfil the obligations of the Charter in
respect of the maintenance of praen, of international security, mutual
respect anong Staten and among peoples and its determination to adhere
strictly to these
principles.
I now come to the part of the draft resolution contained in document
A/1,605 which deala norm specifically with the expulsion of the
representatives of the Republic of China. It would be unavailing to try
to consider this aspect of the problem from the standpoint of the
validity of the credentials of the representatives of China, The draft
resolution contained in document A/L.605 is sufficiently explicit: it
requests that the representatives of the Republic of China,
• State Member of this Organization, be expelled forthwith from the
United Nations and all its subsidiary bodies.
İ
:
!
In this connexion I should like briefly to repeat the arguments I
adduced
from this care rostrum last year, The expulsion or exclusion of a Member
State,
& particularly important matter under paragraph 2 of Article 18 of the
Charter, is governed by Article 6.
As far as we know, the Republic of China has not persistently violated
the princinies of the Charter. On the contrary, we have found that ita
intentions are in Feeping with Articles 1 and 2 of the Charter,
What is nor",
it is not merely a matter of its intentions, since in its relations with
the
great majority of the States of this Organization it has always seem to
it that they are based on friandahin, equality, mutual respect, Justice
and the vromotion of nexce, Therefore, we connot admit that Article 6
can be applied
to the Republic of China,
I
[
E
AP/ejr/cc
A/FV.1913
AP/ejr
(Mr. Rabetafika, Madagascar)
A/PV.1913 7
(Mr. Bohladi. Chad)
In the very unlikely event that we should decide to apply Article 6,
there ressing the fact that it is not up to the General Asembly to take
the initial decision in this matter, The Security Council must make a
prior reccomendation, and only then can the General Assembly not.
Those are the arguments vhich will causa sy delegation to vote against
the draft resolution contained in document A/L.605. They are inspired by
our dedication to the fundamental principles governing relations among
States and peoples in an international society which must be orderly and
peaceful, and by our determination to adhere to then strictly whenever
the nature of a Member State and the normal exercise of its rights and
privileges under the Charter are questioned.
P. BOHTADI (Chad) (interpretation from French): My delegation would
like, before the vote, to clarify its position on the two draft
resolutions
In his relating to the restoration of the lawful rights of People's
China, statement from this rostrum on 23 October, during the
commemorative session celebrating the twenty-fifth anniversary of our
Organization, Mr. Towbalbays, President of the Republic of Chad,
declared, when speaking of the People's Republic of China:
"Another black spot on the human picture which is of concern to the
people of Coed is the absence of People's China from this world
parliament. Seven hundred million human beings constitute an important
community. They have their civilization which they are each day
consolidating more and more, they are progressing in technology and are
endeavouring to harness nuclear power, That vast country i therefore an
interlocutor that no one has the right to spurn or to exclude from the
world system of co-operation and of peaceful coexistence, because so
long as it is shut out, no equilibrium gan be anything but precarious
and transient, But we do not think that wrongs make a right, and that is
what the exelusion of Formosa, itself a founding amber af our
Organization, would constitute,"
(1882nd meeting, pages 13-45)
!
:
My delegation is in no way opposed to the admission of People's China
to the United Nations. People's China is a Pover of 700 million
inhabitants,
a nuclear Power and a super-Power as much as the Soviet Union and the
United
States of America. Chad has no axe to grind. My delegation would vote in
favour of the draft resolution in document A/L.605 ir that draft
resolution did
not at the same time call for the expulsion of Nationalist China. It is
that
Nationalist China which my country found here in the United Nations when
it vại
admitted to membership in September 1960. It is with that Nationalist
China that
we established diplomatic relations and signed agreements for economie
and
technical co-operation. There is, therefore, no question of my
delegation
voting in favour of a resolution which would advocate its expulsion. As
far as the draft resolution in document A/L.599 is concerned, my
delegation intends to
abatain.
Mr. BUDO (Albania) (interpretation from French): In its statement
of 13 November, the delegation of Albania briefly made known its views
on the draft resolution in document A/L.599 submitted by the United
States, Japan and
some other countries. We wish to revert to that question, at this stage
of the
discussion, because this seems to be the last-ditch stand that the
Government
of the United States has adopted for the last few years in order to
maintain its
obstructionist policy regarding the lawful rights of the People's
Republic of
China in the United Nations. The rejection of that illegal subterfuge is
now of particular importance because of the constant evolution that has
taken place in the position of Member States regarding the question and,
therefore, the possibility that the draft resolution submitted by
eighteen States (A/1.605)
calling for the restoration to the People's Republic of Chirs of the
west which rightfully belongs to it in this Organization, vill be
adopted by a majority vote by the General Assembly at the present
session.
The essence of that outmoded procedura), manoeuvre resorted to by the
United
States lies in the fallacious attempt to equate the question of the
representation
of Chins in the United Nations with that of the admission of a new
Member to replace another Member that is to be expelled. This is all
based on the absurd "two Chins" theory, the acceptance of which the
United States imperialists have long sought in the vain hope of
detaching Taiwan from China.
1
I
·
L
I
AP/ajr
A/PV.1913
8-10
Mr. Budo, Albania)
NR/
A/PV.1913
11
(ir. Budo. Albania)
But it is obvious that, in this case, it is neither a question of the
admission of a new Member nor the expulsion of a Member. China has been
and
remine a Member of the United Rations since its founding. It is one of
its
founding Members and, at the same time, it is a permanent member of the
Security
Council. There is only one China on this planet and only one Chinese
Member State
in this Organization. The only question that confronts us is simply to
seat the
true representatives of that Heuber State in this Organization. But, no
one can
doubt that China is that greet Chinese people of over 700 million, that
great
socialist country called the People's Republic of China, that in full
sovereignty
controls the Chinese territory, including the Chinese province of
Taiwan,
temporarily under the military occupation of the American imperialist
aggressors.
The fact that the riff-raff of the rotten Chiang Kai-shek aliqué, vhích
was
rejected by the Chinese people at the time of the people's revolution in
1949
and sought refuge on the island of Taiwan under the protection of the
United States armed forces, have been able to usurp the seat of the
People's Republic
of China in the United Nations, can be explained, as we know, both by
the policy of aggression of the United States against the great
socialist China and by the
nefarious hold of the United States over the United Nations,
And it is precisely from this shameful and unprecedented situation which
they themselves have created in the United Nations, that the United
States de
seeking to draw capital in order once again to impose that fraudulent
of the two-thirds majority, that artificial obstacle which is contrary
to the Charter, on the absurd pretext that to expel those miserable
puppets of the United
States imperialists, would be to exclude a Member of this Organization.
This is
truly the height of effrontery. The peaceful Hember States aust no
longer tolerate
that barefaced pretense which flouts the express provisions of the
Charter, the
rules of procedure and the praction that has been established in the
United Nations
for many years and which thus strikes a blow at the very dignity of
Member States. Important questions within the seening of Article 18 of
the Charter, on
which General Assembly can take a decision only by a two-thirds majority
of the Hambers present and voting, are clearly and expressly indicated
in
paragraph 2 of that Article.
That is a restrictive listing. are concerned, only three questions in
that category require for their solution a decision of the General
Assembly by a two-thirds majority, They are: the admission of new
Hembers to the United Nations, the suspension of the rights and
privileges of membership, and the expulsion of Tembers, The recognition
of the true representatives of a State already a Heaber, namely China,
has nothing whatever to do with those questions. Therefore, to apply the
two-thirds majority
Particularly as ar as l'ember States directly
rule to the question of deciding upon the true representatives of a
Member State which is the sole question before us here would be openly
to violate en express provision of the Charter which is reproduced in
the rules of procedure.
With regard to paragraph 3 of Article 18 of the Charter, In the past we
have proved that that paragraph refers to the "determination of
additional categories of questions" and not to new cases. Therefore it
cannot be invoked in regard to the specific question we are now
discussing.
Jember States that sincerely wish the lawful rights of the People's
Republic of China to be restored in the United Nations, those that
recognize that there is only one Chim in the world and that the
Goverment of the People's Republic of this is its sole goverment, cannot
accept the mafty canoeuvre of the United States which is designed, by
the use of a false procedural pretext based upon the absurd theory of
"two Chime", to prevent once again, at this session, a decision by the
General Assembly to restore to the People's Republic of China the place
to which it is lavfully entitled in the United Nations, as is proposed
in draft resolution A/L.605 co-sponsored by eighteen countries,
including Albenie, Those liesher States are in duty bound to reject
draft resolution A/L.599 submitted by the United States, a draft
resolution which is incompatible with their position, for, na I have
Just aphasized, it is based upon the false American theory of "two
Chinas", designed to detach Taivan From China, Otherwise those States
would find themselves in a contradictory position which, willy-nilly
would lend Emong other things to interference in the internal affairs of
the People's Republic of China.
Indeed the Chinese province of Taiwan, as an integral part of the
territory of China, is exclusively within the internal affairs of China,
and no one has the right to interfere in it. The Chinese people has
committed itself to cerry through to the end its just struggle to rid
that part of its national territory
!
י
I
I
I
I
:
!
NR/CF
A/FY.1913
12
NR/Tr
(Mr. Budo, Albania
A/PV.1913
13-15
of the imperialist American aggressors, and it will without any doubt
liberste
any representatives who have participated in the debate on the
representation of China have forcefully stressed the intolerable and
ignominious
International injustice so far committed in this Organization against
the great
Chinese people, which represents a quarter of mankind. They have in
particular
stressed the importance to the Organization itself, from all
standpoints, of the
restoration within it of the layful rights of the great socialist China,
especially in the light of the fact that without that great world Pover,
that
great space and atomic Power, with an immense and ever-growing role and
authority in the world, no just and valid solutions to the major
problems of our time can
be found.
The deplorable situation that exists in the United Nations because of
the
hful influence exerted by the thited States and its collusion with the
revisionist Soviet Union, as well as the present international
situation, makes
the presence of the People's Republic of China in the United Nations a
necessity
that is so imperative that the peaceful Hember States that are attached
to the
principles of the Charter and the cause that this Organization can serve
carmot
allow any further delay in the adoption of the only just decision on
this matter, the decision advocated in draft resolution A/L.605.
The adoption of that draft resolution by the General Assembly not only
will
redress a scandalous and unprecedented situation that has exlated for
twenty-one
years in this Organization, but also vill be a joint victory for all
those who will support the draft against the overt or covert enemies of
the People's Republic of China in the United Nations and of the
strengthening of the Organization in
conformity with the role entrusted to it by the Charter and with the
nspirations of peoples that are struggling for freedom, peace and
progress. Its adoption vill without any doubt be of fruense importance
for the future of the United
Nations.
The PROSIDENT:, I should like to point out that it has already been
stated that the debate on this item has been concluded and that we are
now
hearing explanatiore of vote.
Strictly speaking, that means that statements
should be limited to explanations of vote and that the debate should not
be reopened,
Hr. CASTILLO-VALDES (Guatemala) (interpretation from Spanish): The
delegation of the Republic of Guatemala wishes to explain the vote it
will coat
on the question under item 97 of the agenda of the twenty-fifth session
of the
General Assembly, "Restoration of the lawful rights of the People's
Republic of
China in the United Nations."
Since there are two draft resolutions submitted to this Assembly, I
should like to say that my delegation will vote in favour of draft
resolution A/1.599,
as we have traditionally voted, since, taking into account the Purposes
and
Principles of the Charter of the United Nations and the special
circumstances of the present case and recalling the terms of resolution
396 (V) of
14 December 1950, my delegation has not the slightest doubt that the
question of
the changing of the representation of the Republic of Chim is, in
keeping with
the terms of Article 18 of the Charter of the United Nations, an
important
question.
With regard to the draft resolution submitted by Albania, Algeria and
other nations and circulated as document A/L.605, ay delegation would
like to make
the following explanation of its vote. If this draft resolution were
adopted,
the General Assembly, secording to its terms, would decide on the
restoration
of the lawful rights of the People's Republic of China. Bowever, in the
view
of my delegation, the Republic of China is duly represented in the
United Nations.
A
i
Al/moc
A/PV.1913
16
Mr. Castillo-Valdes,
AW/SOC
Gustersia)
A/PV,1913
17
(Mr. Zegera, Chile)
Therefore, if that draft resolution vare to be approved, the General
Assembly would be deciding to expel the representatives of the
Government of China. I wish to say that my delegation vill vote against
that draft resolution since we do not believe it just to expel the
representatives of a Government of a country vhich, ka is the case with
Chim, has earned place in the United Nations. Its contribution to the
cause of freeden and democracy is unchallengeable, as is its titanic
struggle to preserve and defend the principles of law and Justice. My
delegation is not unaware of, nor do we ignore, the presence of another
Government on the territory of China, but in the United Nations the
Government that is at present
represented is the sole constituted Government, It is the Government
which uninterruptedly has represented the people of thins and has always
been, and shows that it continues to be, e Goverment which respects and
observes the will of the people it represents.
The representative of the Republic of Chim, Mr. Liu, in the statement be
made in the General Assembly on 19 November of this year, confirmed the
statement made at the meeting on 15 November 1956, during the eleventh
session of the General Assembly, by the Government of Chire at present
represented in this Organization that if free elections, under the
auspices of the United Nations, were to be held in the entire territory
of Chink, élections during which all the people would decide which
Government should represent them in this Organization, the
representatives of the Republic of Chim at present in the Organization
would abide by the
result of such free elections.
Finally, my delegation is of the opinion that it is most improper to
consider the expulsion of the representatives of a Goverment which has
been exemplary in the fulfilment of its obligations towards the United
Nations.