172
171
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General Hertzog replied on December 2nd acceding to the request, and Mr. Feetham, whose special qualifi tions for the task of advising the Council are indicated on the front page of this summary, arrived in Shanghai on January 13th, 1930, his terms of reference, as set out in a letter from him to the Council dated January 15th, 1930, and confirmed in the Council's reply of January 17th, 1930, being identical with the latter portion of the Council's announcement of December 6th, quoted above.
II. MAIN FEATURES OF THE EXISTING
MUNICIPAL RÉGIME.
(a) Relation of the International Settlement to the rest of Shanghai.-" The Shanghai of to-day con- sists of three areas administered by three separate and mutually independent authorities, each acting under its own special laws and regulations, namely, the Foreign Settlement "-.e., the International Settlement-" ad- ministered by an elected Municipal Council, including foreign and Chinese representatives, subject in certain respects to the control of an annual meeting of foreign ratepayers; the French Settlement, usually known as the French Concession,' administered by the French Consul- General, with the assistance of an advisory body consist- ing partly of appointed foreign members, and partly of Chinese members chosen by Chinese organizations; and the Chinese area, which surrounds both Settlements and which is administered by a Chinese Municipal Govern- ment, consisting of a Mayor appointed by the National Government, and the Chiefs of certain administrative bureaux, similarly appointed on the Mayor's recom- mendation, and functioning under the direct control of the Administrative Yuan of the National Government without the intervention of any provincial authority." (Vol. I, Part II, p. 15.)
THE FOREIGN, OR INTERNATIONAL, SETTLEMENT.— Extent, 8 sq. miles. Foreign Population, 26,965. Chinese Population, 971,397. Developed Water Frontage on Whangpoo River (the Harbour of Shanghai) 31,875 ft.
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THE FRENCH CONCESSION.-Extent, 3.94 sq. miles. oreign Population, 12,335; Chinese Population, 421,885. Developed Water Frontage, 3,800 ft.
THE CHINESE MUNICIPAL AREA.-Extent, 320 sq. miles. Foreign Population, 9,790; Chinese Population 1,679,310. Developed Water Frontage, 74,000 ft. (Vol. I, Part II, p. 17.)
NOTE 1." The Municipal Council of the Foreign Settlement has constructed roads and other public works and established parks outside the limits of the Settlement, and exercises partial control for police purposes, as well as in connexion with public works, in the two areas served by these extra-Settlement roads, in which much of the land is owned by foreigners." (Vol. I, Part II, p. 15.) This accounts for the figure," foreign population 9,790 shown above.
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NOTE 2. Of the foreigners resident in the Inter- national Settlement, approximately 4,600 are British, 1,140 American, 12,780 Japanese, 3,110 Russian, 1,750 Indian, and 840 Portuguese, Austrian, Belgian, Danish, Dutch, French, German, Greek, Italian, Norwegian, Spanish, Swedish and Swiss residents totalling approxi- mately 1,500. (Vol. I, Part II, pp. 21-22.)
(b) Basis of International Settlement's Adminis- tration. This is composed partly of Treaty provisions, partly of Land Regulations agreed to by the Chinese authorities. The former gave British and other foreign residents the right to live and trade in Shanghai under the jurisdiction of their own courts, the latter give them wide powers of self-government. The municipal consti- tution" embodies two fundamental principles which are characteristic of free institutions as established in Great Britain and the United States, and in other countries where similar political ideas have found acceptance, namely:-
"(1) Self Government: The Government of the Settlement is based on the will of the qualified