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4.
It found expression in two ways (a) "Inner" (b) "Outer". (a) "Inner":- to suppress the many "War Lords" who were devastating the country simply for private and selfish reasons and who had no interest in orderly
government or reform of any kind: to improve the
lot of the agriculturists in whose ranks are the
great majority of the Chinese people.
(b) "Outer": to secure the abolition of the "unequal" treaties under which they regarded china as being in a state of vassalage to foreign powers.
The History of China's relation with the powers
during the past eighty years reads to them as a
history of aggression, economic exploitation and
cultured invasion. China all along has been regarded
as an inferior race whose members were not wanted in
other countries, or only wanted so long as they could
serve temporary purposes, e.g. labour in South Africa
etc.
Opposition to England:- The reason for the concentration
of attack is that England is regarded as the chief opponent,
or the chief representative of the spirit they resent.
Then there is the practical side, they do not want to make
too many enemies at once e.g. Japan was at the root of the
trouble in Shanghai in 1925, but it was not considered
expedient to provoke Japan to action at that time, besides
which Japan might be of use in the conflict with the West.
In any case Japan can be effectively brought to her knees
at any time by a boycott. Both China and Japan realise this
and act accordingly. England has a more intimate relationsuip
with China than any other power and England's influence in
China is greater than that of any other power, witness
finance, navigation, railway construction, and control and
rightly or wrongly England is regarded as having a strengle-
hold on Chine se commercial life. The influence of Shanghai