28
Names of Schools.
Number of Students.
Location.
Nationality.
Yale College in China..
Griffith John College
William Nast College..
זו
•American (now one).
American and British Chineer. Canadian, Chinese.
American.
Chinese. French.
American.
"1
Anglo-Chinese College
472
Foochow, Fukien
Foochow College
426
"
19
Trinity College
850
37
Women's College of South China
120
"
Provincial Normal School
100
Hwaiyang, Honan
St. Andrew's College.
56
Kaifeng, Honau
Higher Normal School
Changsha, Hunan
190
Americau.
160
Hankow, Hupeb
British
279
Kiukiang, Kiaugsi
American.
Fib-tan College
306
Shanghai, Kiaugau
Chinese.
McTyeire High School
289
1
Medhurst College
220
British.
Th
Shanghai Baptist College and Theological
190
American.
17
Seminary
Shanghai Min-Lih School
520
*
St. Ignatius Roman Catholic College
400
Lowrie High School
90
31
St. Mary's Hali
240
77
Wu Pen Girls' School..
200
Kiangsu Provincial ('ollege
283
Soochow, Kiauggu
Chinese.
Laura laygood Light School
105
American.
Ellis Kadoorie College
300
Canton, Kwangtung
Kwangtung Colloge
80
13
Queen's College
700
Hong Kong
British-
Hong Kong College
"
Canton Christian College
Canton, Kwangtrog
St. Stephen's Girls' College
170
Hong Kong
Anglo-Chinese College
115
Swatow, Kwangtung
Profesional and Technical Schools.
!
Medical Training College
56
Hanychow, Chekiang
North Chius. Union Medical College for
Peking, Chibli
American.
Women
Union Medical College
23
and British.
Army Medical College
310
Tien-taie, Chibli
Peiyang Medical College
900
Union Medical College (merged in Shantung
Hankow, Hupeh
Chinese
British.
Christian University)
Women's Medical College
10
Soochow, Kiangsu
Hacket Medical College for Women
Canton, Kwangtung
Medical College
66
Mukden. Manchuria
Union Medical College
Tsinau, Shantung
Government Engineering College
170
Tangshan, Chibli
Van Kirk Women's Industrial School
75
Foochow. Fukien
Honan Agricultural College
140
Kaifeng, Honan..
*
Government Institute of Technology
600
Shanghai, Kiangsu
L
Nanyang Railway and Mining College
200
Industrial College
Canton, Kwangtung
Technical Institute
600
Hong Kong
School of Agriculture...
481
Government College of Law
Yunnanfu Yunnau Peking, Chihli
1
Government Agricultural College
The Boxer Indemnity.
"
++
American.
British.
American aud British. Chinese.
Chinese (United States
instruction). Chinese.
The great impression made by the beau geste of the United States Government, as stated above, and its obvious success as a propaganda measure, suggested at once to many, who perhaps imperfectly realised the different bases on which the British and American indemnities had originally been estimated, the desirability of remit- ting the whole or part of the British share also for educational purposes. Mr. Clive's memorandum of the 12th August, 1919 (Confidential Print, "Affairs of China," the 12th August, section 1), clearly sets forth the history of the indemnity, the proposals for its remission from 1912 onwards, and the attitude of His Majesty's Treasury. In brief, the Treasury regard the indemnity, quite correctly, as reimbursement for a definite expenditure, and as earmarked for the reduction of debt incurred thereby. On the 11th November, 1919, a question on the subject was asked in the House of Commons, and the Treasury, on being consulted, gave it to be understood that they adhered to their position and would yield only to a Cabinet decision. The Treasury
20
ask the pertinent question: "Is it desirable that the British taxpayer should be asked to provide for the establishment and endowment of a university in the centre of (China? Stated in this form, it will be difficult to persuade the average British
citizen that any
such scheme is not a fresh and virulent outbreak of squandermania." Yet those best qualified to know are agreed that education of Chinese on British lines is not mere humanitarianism but a commercial investment of untold possibilities.
The arguments in favour of a remission of the Boxer indemnity are given in Mr. Clive's two memoranda (Confidential Print, Affairs of China," the 12th August, 1919, section 1; and the 4th February, 1920, section 1). Briefly they are (1) the danger and pressure of American competition, to which French competition may now be added; (2) the advantages to China, and to the world at large; (3) the gain to British political and commercial interests. These arguments apply equally to any educational scheme, however endowed. But more clearly affecting the question of the indemnity itself, is the fact that other countries may take a similar step (Japan has already intimated her intention of doing so). It is most undesirable that Great Britain should find herself forestalled by other Powers. To this, Sir Charles Eliot (in his criticisms attached to paper 158944 of the 5th December. 1919) adds the following cogent argument: "It is very important that any funds given for educa- tional purposes in China should take the form of a remission of the Boxer indemnity, and not, as I have heard it suggested, of a grant for special purposes in China. People in the Far East have become accustomed to this idea of remitting an indemnity, whereas any special grant would suggest both to the Chinese and to foreigners in China that Great Britain was attempting some new and perhaps aggressive schemes.
It must be remembered, too, that in consequence of China's entering the war, all In 1922, there- payment of the indemnity was suspended for five years from 1917. fore, the question of a recontinuance of payment will arise. In 1917, His Majesty's Treasury was prepared to remit the indemnity altogether as an encouragement to China to join the Allies; and in 1922, strong opposition to recontinuance may be expected, not only from the Chinese Government, who will plead that they have no money to pay with, but also from sections of enlightened opinion at home, who will object to the continued mulcting of an allied and democratic Power for the sins of the absolutist Manchu Government, by means of an indemnity, which appears to be an inheritance from the bad old days of militant imperialism. The changed spirit of the times may be so opposed to a recontinuance of payment, that it may be advis- able to cut an inevitable loss by remitting the indemnity as an act of grace and for definite educational purposes.
91
There are undoubtedly very strong arguments on the side of those who wish for an immediate remission of the indemnity for the education of Chinese. But it must be open to doubt whether Chinese education in itself would be sufficient ground for asking the Treasury to forego a substantial part of the indemnity in the present state of our finances. England has suffered much more from the war than China. But, if for general reasons of policy, and among them we may properly include those based on Chinese educational grounds, it is decided to forego some or all of the indemnity, then it is perfectly clear that this would be the best way of financing an educational scheme.
The point which must be made perfectly clear, however, in this connection is that the Boxer Indemnity Fund is not a treasure trove, a windfall for light-hearted spending; but that every penny of this fund which may be remitted to the Chinese, is equivalent to a tax of an equal amount on the citizens of the United Kingdom,
The balance of our share of the Boxer indemnity (including interest at 4 per cent.) is approximately 11,000.0007,* payment being spread over a period of twenty-three years.
Conclusion.
Finally, the education of Chinese on British lines is undoubtedly a national and, indeed, an imperial interest. Such a policy must tend to promote British influence both directly, through the Chinese who receive the education, and indirectly, through those with whom those Chinese come in contact. It must be good propaganda, as being evidence of our goodwill towards the Chinese and as affording a practical expression of our interest in them. On the intellectual side, it should tend to create respect for British cultural and political attainments. On the political side, it should incline the Chinese to regard their powerful neighbour, Japan, in a truer perspective; and, at the same time, it should encourage China to help herself and to achieve a greater measure of administrative order and efficiency. On the economic
* The exact amount in May 1921 was 9,740,600 9%. 2., including principal and interest. Payment should be completed in 1945.
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