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By "morphine" is understood—
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The principal alkaloid of opium, having the chemical formula C1 H19 NO8.
By "cocaine" is understood-
The principal alkaloid of the leaves of erythroxylon coca. having the formula C17 J21 NO.
By "heroin" is understood
Diacetyl-morphine, having the formula C2 Hạ NO5.
Article 9.
The contracting Powers shall enact pharmacy laws or regulations to confine to medical and legitimate purposes the manufacture, sale, and use of morphine, cocaine, and their respective salts unleas laws or regulations on the subject are already in existence. They shall co-operate with one another to prevent the use of these drugs for any other purpose.
Under the rules in force in India, licensed dealers or chemists may manufacture and sell morphia drugs and cocaine, and may sell to other chemical dealers, or chemists, or to approved medical, veterinary and dental practitionera. In fact, however, no morphia is manufactured in India except at the Government factory at Ghazipur. The chemist can only sell on the prescription of an approved practitioner, and the latter may only possess morphia drugs for use in his practice. The ordinary individual may only possess morphia drugs and cocaine as issued to him on medical prescription. The Govern- ment of India, who were largely responsible for the inclusion of these drugs within the terms of the Convention, are prepared to co-operate to the fullest possible extent with other Govern ments to prevent their use for other than medical purposes.
Article 10.
The contracting Powers shall use their best endeavours to control, or to cause to be controlled, all persons manufacturing, importing, selling, distributing, and exporting morphine, cocaine, and their respective salts, as well as the buildings in which these persons carry on such industry or trade,
With this object, the contracting Parties shall use their best endeavours to adopt, or cause to be adopted, the following measures, unless regulations on the subject are already in existence :-
(a) to confine the manufacture of morphine, cocaine, and their respective salts to those establishments and premises alone which have been licensed for the purpose, or to obtain information respecting the establishments and premises in which these drugs are manufactured and to keep a register of them;
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(b) to require that all persons engaged in the manufacture, import, sale, distribution, or export of morphine, cocaine, and their respective salts shall be furnished with a licence or permit to engage in these operations, or shall make to the competent authorities an official declaration that they are so engaged;
(c) to require that such persons shall enter in their books the quantities manufactured, imports, sales, and all other distribution, and exports of morphine, cocaine, and their respective salts. This rule shall not necessarily apply to medical prescriptions and to sales by duly authorised chemists.
These requirements are all fulfilled by the rules in force in India, with the following exceptions. As manufacture of morphia drugs is only carried on at the Government factory, the form of licence granted to dealers and chemists contains no reference to the premises where manufacture may be carried ou. The Government of India therefore suggested to Local Govern- mments early in 1921 that this omission should be remedied. The same position exists in respect of cocaine, but as no cocaine whatever is manufactured in India, it has not been thought necessary up to the present to make any amendments.
Article 11.
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The contracting Powers shall take measures to prohibit, regards their internal trade, the delivery of morphine, cocaine, and their respective salts to any unauthorised persons, unless regulations on the subject are already in existence,
Article 12.
Due regard being had to the difference in their conditions, the contracting Powers shall use their best endeavours to restrict to authorised persons the import of morphine, cocaine, and their respective salts.
The import by post of alkaloids of opium and cocaine is absolutely prohibited, and these drugs may not circulate through the post within India. Morphine drugs can only be imported by persons licensed to possess such drugs, and cocaine only under the authorisation of a special permit. The imports of cocaine for the year 1919-20 amounted to 172 ounces, to supply the needs of 318,000,000 people.
Article 13.
The contracting Powers shall use their best endeavours to adopt, or cause to be adopted, measures to ensure that morphine, cocaine, and their respective salts shall not be exported from their countries, possessions, colonies and leased territories to the countries, possessions, colonies and leased territories of the other
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