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APPENDIX XIV.
(N.B. This memorandum, drawn up by the British Chamber of Commerce, Shanghai, and the lists of schools which follow, are among the enclosures to Sir J. Jordan's despatch No. 348 of July 23, 1918, on the subject of British education in China.)
British Education in China,
Modern political movements in China have been largely brought about by Chinese who have been subject to the influences of progressive thought instilled into their minds by Western education. These same men are prominent in governmental, political and commercial circles, and are guiding the destinies of the country.
By far the larger number of foreign educated men in China have received their education in American schools in China or in the United States of America. These men are continually kept under the influence of American thought by scholastic societies and by the perusal of American literature.
They naturally turn to America for guidance equally when laying down the country's constitution laws, and when ordering equipment for their mills and mines. They are saturated with American ideas and ideals.
The British are so far behind in all the machinery that produces these influences that there is no possibility of comparison. The Americans are now preparing for great advances along the lines which have proved so satisfactory that the distance between American and British practice will become still more accentuated.
The employment of the surplus indemnity by the American Government in taking bundreds of Chinese students selected from all parts of the country to proceed to America to complete their education in American institutions of learning is exerting an enormous influence in Americanising the thought of modern China.
In addition to this agency the Americans have established a magnificent series of well-equipped modern schools throughout the country in connection with their missionary enterprise. These schools comprise the very best medical schools, universities, colleges, common and technical schools.
There are under American control in China 7 universities, 15 colleges, 140 middle or secondary schools: in addition the Y.M.C.A., an American organisation, directs 10 ordinary schools, 4 or 5 medical schools, as well as special schools for theology, agriculture, &c. The number of American men and women employed in these schools is 523, in addition to a very large number of Chinese teachers trained largely by American methods.
The Germans, recognising their lack of means of influencing the governing circles of Young China and having become convinced of the advantages of producing a class of men trained in German thought and methods as apart from their military organisation, set about establishing schools, and at the outbreak of the Great War were operating about a dozen schools in the Shanghai. Hankow and Kwangtung
districts.
The British have largely held aloof from the employment of this great agency of spreading British ideals in China. British missionary societies have established about fifty schools, but these are for the most part starved for lack of funds. There are no British institutions, except the recently founded Hong Kong University, which confer degrees. The Chinese demand degrees, consequently provision for the granting of university honours is essential.
We are therefore of opinion that-
1. It is desirable that the Government should take part in the education of Chinese under British influence and auspices.
2. Steps should be taken to establish in North China an institution for the higher education of Chinese, to accommodate students who cannot proceed to Hong Kong. Such an institution should be affiliated with the Hong Kong University, and should, if possible, have the power to confer degrees, so that it may compete on equal terms with existing non-British institutions.
3. The location of the institution should be at one of the following places : Peking, Shanghai, Hankow, the preference being in the order given.
4. It is essential that the main institution should be supported by a number of schools that would serve it as feeders. To that end existing British schools and colleges that are willing and able to conform to the required standard should be aided by Government subsidies.
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At present, existing British schools and colleges in China receive no Government support, as do many non-British institutions. Hence British-controlled schools, especially those of the missionary societies, are understaffed and poorly equipped, and in the eyes of the Chinese compare unfavourably with non-British institutions.
This only asks for the extension of the system in vogue in India and Hong Kong to British schools in China.
5. In all approved schools and colleges there should be established scholarships, the winners of which would be entitled to continue their education at the head institution or at the Hong Kong University.
6. In the head institution provision should be made for the regular sending of selected graduates to England for further training in English universities.
7. The head institution should organise a normal department.
Chekiang--
List of Schools under British Control in China,
Hangchow: Medical and Maternity Training Colleges. Dr. Duncan Main, C.M.
Society. Ningpo: English Methodist College, H. S. Redfern. M.Sc. Trinity College
(C.M.S.), Ven. Archdeacon W. S. Moule. Wenchow: United Methodist College. T. W. Chapman. M.Sc.
Chihli
Peking:
Chung Te School (Church of England Mission). Rev. T. A. Scott, M.A Tsui Wen Middle School (London Missionary Society), Rev. T. Biggin, M.A. Siaochang:
Anglo-Chinese School (London Missionary Society), Rev. W F. Dawson. Lun Tsai Middle School (L.M.S.), A. F. Thorpe, B.A. (Cantab). Tientsin :
Anglo-Chinese College (L.M.S.), S. Lavington Hart, D.Sc. Tientsin School (for foreigners). H. J. Turner. B.Sc. Yangching: Church of England Mission School. Rev. W. Connor
Fukien
Amoy Anglo-Chinese College (Pres. C. of Eng), H. F. Rankin. Chuanchowfu: Westminster College (Eng. Pres. Miss.). Rev. J. Gowdy, M.A. Foochow :
CM S. Divinity School. Rev. J. S. Carpenter, M.A. Trinity College (C.M.S.). Rev. W. S. Parenham-Walsh. Hinghwa Middle School (C.M.S.), Rev. S. J. Nightingale. Kentao Girls Boarding School (C.M.S.). Miss A. M. Clelland. Tungehowfu: London Mission School. Rev. E. R. Hughes B.A.
Honan
Hwaikingfu:
Canadian Pres. Mission School, Rev. J. A. Mowatt, P.A. Canadian School for Girls, Miss M. F. Walks, B.A.
Kaifeng St. Andrew's College (Can. Church Miss.), Rt. Rev. W. C. White,
D.D. Weihweifu: Maxwell High and Normal School (Can. Pres. Miss.). Rev. R. A.
Mitchell, M.A.
Hunan-
Siangtan: St. Paul's School (C.M.S.), Rev. T. C. Ibbetson. Hupeh-
Hankow: Griffith John College (L.M.S.), Rev. A. Bonsey.
Hanyang David Hill Memorial School for Girls (Wes. Miss.), Miss Davis. Ichang Church of Scotland Boys' School, Rev. F. Tocher. M.Á.
Tayeh Wesleyan Boys' School, Rev. B. S. Bonsall, B.D.
Telan Ditto, ditto.
Tsaoshih London Mission Boys' Boarding School, Rev. F. G. Onley. Wuchang:
London Mission Girls Boarding School. Mrs. Arnold Foster. Wesley College and Normal School, Rev. H. B. Rattenbury, B.A.
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