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Germany is amply provided with all the foodstuffs and raw materia which she needs. But not only that. Apart from the direct fiasco whi it has suffered, the starving-out policy has indirectly bestowed certa positive advantages on Germany. In the first place, as the result of t suppression of her oversea trade, Germany has been saved from the nece sity of contracting debts abroad, whereas England's indebtedness is steadi increasing. In the second place, the impossibility of importing certa indispensable raw materials has incited German science-which alrea in time of peace occupied a place of honor, as is proved by the Germ: monopoly of the chemical dye industry-to apply itself with the utmo energy to the task of discovering substitutes. We know the great succu already achieved in this respect-especially by the discovery of a su stitute for nitrate of Chile. Thanks to this discovery Germany is longer obliged to import that indispensable raw material from abroa and thus she has created for herself a permanent source of economic pro
A short time ago German science was able to register a new in portant success. It has managed to discover a substitute for ferro-ma ganese; this substitute can be obtained from certain elements which to be found in Germany itself in unlimited quantities. Germany's coemti had placed great hopes on the prospective lack of manganese, seci that up to now the latter had been indispensable for the manufacture steel. Already in the summer of 1915 they had theoretically and sei tifically established beyond a doubt that the production of steel in (
many, and consequently the manufacture of munitions, must diminish, i|| the store of manganese would then be exhausted. Meanwhile the enr Armies have had plenty of opportunities for finding out that the Ger troups are not lacking in munitions and that the quality of the latter 1 not been impaired. As a matter of fact there was never any quest of a deficiency in the supply of manganese. Apart from the quantiti stored-up in the country, Germany possesses manganese mines in Rhine Province. in Westphalia, and also in Southern and Central G many. Such mines are likewise to be found in Austria and Turkey, that the extraction of manganese in these three Empires amounted fore the war to approximately 200,000 tons. This was enough to satis very extensive requirements. It might nevertheless have been feared in the event of the war lasting a long time, a certain shortage of ma ganese would make itself felt. This fear now no longer exists; fot substitute. in every respect satisfactory, and susceptible of being 1 duced in unlimited quantities in Germany, has now been discovered. T factories are already in full swing, and still larger ones are being bui The new invention renders Germany independent of all imports of m ganese from abroad, and constitutes also an economic progress by co parison with the former method of procedure. Here again therein i England's blockade policy entailed consequences wholly different those which were intended; it has resulted in consolidating Germant economic position, not only during the war, but permanently.
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