and also between France and China, and between Germany
and China, subjects of Great Britain, France and
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4.
Germany, who may reside, for the purpose of trade or
otherwise, in Canton or in other places in China, en-
joy exterritorial rights and privileges, and owe no
allegiance, of any description to China, but are
subject only to the laws of their own countries
respectively.
In the case of Abd-ul-Messih v. Farra, decided by the
Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in 1888, it
was held (approving of the earlier decision in the case
of In re Tootal's Trusts) that "residence in a foreign
country, without subjection to its municipal laws and
oustoms is ineffectual to create a new domicil", and,
further, that the legal condition of foreigners resident
in such a country as China is that they "continue to pre
-serve their nationality, and their civil and political
rights, just as if they had never ceased to have their
residence and domicil in their own country". This de-
cision was recently followed with approval by the Prize
Court at Alexandria when dealing with the claim of a
German subject, resident in Shanghai, in respect of
cargo