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ment may direct (and any customary rights to similar presents or dues which the Chinese headmen in the Salween or Mekong valleys north of Tengkeng may subse- quently be bound to possess will be considered by His Majesty's Government, and, if substantiated, dealt with iu a liberal spirit)."
If the lease is agreed to by the Chinese Government, the convention might read: "The boundary line between the territory to be administered by the Provincial Governments of Burmah and Yünnan shall be," &e, and clause (d) will read "as rent for such villages and their lands," instead of "in full compensation for the extinction of such claims," the rest of the clause remaining unaltered.
In the event of the tract being leased from the Tengkeng fuyi, a slight altera- tim would be necessary in clause (¿).
If the alternative boundary proposed by me is chosen, the text of the convention would be as follows:-
"(.) From Manang Bum, in latitude 25° 33′ north, the frontier will follow the crest of the watershed range between the 'Nmaikha River with its tributaries to the north and the Taping and Shweli (Lu Chiang) Rivers with their tributaries to the south, until it reaches the peak east of Upper Hparè village and near the sources of the Mangshang Kha, marked Hsi Chiang Ho Shan, 12,000 feet, on the Survey of India maps; thence northward to another peak called Sanliko Bun, 12,800 feet, east of the village of Lagwi (Tzu Chu) and on the range of mountains which separates the drainages of the Mangshang (Lagwi or Tzu Chu) stream and the Shingtawn stream, which falls into the Ngawchang River at Gawyawm (Shang Lou) village, from those of the Changzaw and Muku streams which flow northward from the Feng Shui Ling pass and join the Htangjam (IIpimaw) stream near the villages of Hpimaw; thence northward, crossing the Ngawchang River at the gorge between Chikgaw (Chi Ka) village and the junction of the Ngawchang (Hsiao Chiang) and the Itangjam (Hpimaw) streams, along the range which separates the drainage of the Ngawchang River and its tributaries on the cast from that of the Hpienlaw Kha on the west, leaving the village of that name also on the west, to a high peak called Chiyen Bu (13,600 feet) bearing west by north of the village of Kangfang, and so northward along the watershed which divides the streams flowing eastward into the Ngawchang River from those flowing westward to the Maru country, and thence along the crest of the northern watershed of the Ngawchang River above the Yawyin village of Wulaw (Lao-wu-lu) and by the pass of that name eastward until the great Irrawaddy-Salween divide is reached.
"The following are the names by which certain points on these ranges are known: The Pan wa Ya Kou pass, the Tsu Mei (Sisters) peak, the Taya Kou pass, the Tzu Chu Ya Kou (Lagwi) pass, the Hsi Chiang Ho Shan peak, the Sanhko Bum peak, the Chiyen Pum peak.
The following localities and natural features belong to China: The valleys (pa-tzu) of Lunma and Tantsa, the Langya. Shan peak, the Ticutan valley, the Mingkwang valley, the Tatang valley, the Changzaw and Muku valleys, the Hangjam (Hpimaw or Pien-ma) valley and the Ngawchang valley north of the above- mentioned gorge or defile, including the villages of Tangtung (U Tung), Gawlam and Kangfang.
"The following localities and natural features belong to Burmab: The valleys of the Shingaw, Tamu (Tun Maw) and Chipwi Rivers; the Hparè valley, the Lagwi (Tzu Chu) valley, the Shijang (Hsieh Chiang) or Mun Lang valley, and the whole of the valley of the Ngawchang (Hsiao Chiang) River below the above-mentioned gorge.
"The whole of the basin of the Salween (Lu Chiang) thus belongs to China as well as a portion of the basin of the Upper Ngawchang stream, which is a tributary of the Irrawaddy River. With this exception, the whole of the basin of the Irrawaddy River belongs to Burmah."
There will be no changes in clauses (b) and (c), and clause (d) will be omitted. I quote the following from the "Joint Report" in order to draw attention to it :----
"It is important that in the Chinese text such terms as the Mingkwang valley (*pa-tzu)' or 'the Tientan River' should be used, not merely 'Mingkwang or Tientan, otherwise the Chinese will raise difficulties on the ground that the villages on the 'Nmaikha side are an integral part of Mingkwang or Tientan. It seems also very desirable that is Majesty's Minister should insist that a copy of the map, with
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names of places marked in Chinese, be attached to the Chinese as well as the English version of the convention."
A map is attached showing (a) the watershed frontier and (b) the proposed alternative frontier.
The following maps should be consulted:-
1. Survey of India, North-Eastern Frontier Sheets, Nos. 22 8.E. and 23 N.E. (second edition).
2. The map in Major Davies' book, “Yünnan."
3. The map attached to the "Report on a Joint Survey of the Burmah-Yünnan Boundary by British and Chinese officials in 1905.”
W. A. HERTZ, Deputy Commissioner, in charge
of the Hpimaw Expedition.
Camp Bamyaw, February 24, 1911.
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