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No. 297
For 28, 1868.
experience goes, been raised in a manner so gravely affecting the principles which underlie our relations with China as on the present occasion.
A reference to the despatches cited in the margin will show that as far back as 1868-69 the necessity was felt for placing the authorities of Hongkong in communication with the
subordinate Chinese Authorities at Kowloon in cases of emergency and the British Minister of that day was instructed by Lord Clarendon to make arrangements for such communication with a view to mutual assistance to prevent disorder or to track out fugitive criminals. But as Lord Granville, who was then Secretary of State for the Colonies, clearly pointed out in his despatch of the 13th. of March, 1869, it was intended that this intercourse should be placed under such restrictions as would secure that it should be confined to matters of immediate urgency and practical detail on which no differences were likely to arise and which would not involve any encroachment upon the province of the Diplomatic or Consular Authorities. The same point was again raised in 1885 and was decided in precisely the same way, as will be seen from kir. O'Conor's despatch No. 388 of September the 8th. and Lord Salisbury's reply No. 288 of November 12th. of that year.
The question dealt with in the correspondence to which I have the honour to invite your attention do, in my opinion, constitute a distinct and so far as I know, an un- -precedented invasion of the province of the diplomatic and consular authorities in Chiña. The correspondence was not carried
on between subordinate officials on the frontier of the two
territories. It was conducted between the Colonial Secretary and an emissary of the Viceroy of Canton under the direct orders of the Governor and it establishes to all intents and purposes ·
direct communication between the Viceroy and the Governor over
the head of the Consul-General at Canton.
It relates not to the escape of fugitive criminals or matters of immediate urgency on the frontier, but to methods of extradition between the two Governments, to emigration questi-
-ond