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(2)
Judge Wilfley's campaign has been directed, of course,
against the *Water Tower" women only. The District Attor=
ney opened it in January, 1907, by instituting proceedings
against the keepers of the nine disorderly houses comprised
in the quarter.
One of the women sumoned was able to
prove that she was of German nationality and therefore out-
side the jurisdiction of the Court, but the other eight
were found guilty under the cormon law of the United States
of keeping disorderly houses and were fined $1,000. each
and ordered to leave the port. The Judge then applied to
the United States Minister at Peking for the issue of a
special regulation again st vagrants so worded as to include
within the term practically any women leading an immoral
life. This regulation, which was duly issued, enabled
the District Attorney to take action against American in-
mates of brothe~ls, who under the common law could not be
touched, as well as against the keepers of such houses, and
although only one prosecution took place under it, the re-
gulation accomplished in a most effective ranner the object
with which it was drawn up. At the present time there is
not a single foreign prostitute in Shanghai who to the
knowledge of the United States Court claims American nation-
-ality.
1
To Judge Wilfley and his Government the results which
have been attained are no doubt entirely satisfactory. Pro-
-stitutes may still be known as "American girls" but they
can no longer claim American protection. The Court has
justified its creation, and the stigma of tolerating pros- titution which may have attached in some people's minds to
American officialdom has been entirely removed.
If the interests, however, of the community only are considered Judge Wilfley's campaign must, I fear, be pro- nounced a complete failure. It may have cleared the Amer- ican name from an imaginary stigma but, as will be shown, it has aggravated rather than improved the condition of
things against which it was directed. The eight women who