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required. There must be first the code of rules governing the general constitution of the system, such as that each member shall contribute 4% of his salary or pension for a certain number of years, that Government will pay a given rate of interest upon the balances that widows' pensions are to cease on re-marriage, and so on. Secondly, it is necessary to have a table of mortality showing at what ages the contributors and pensioners will die if an average is taken of a large number of individuals. Lastly, from the mortality table and the rules there are deduced by actuarial methods the rates of pension which can properly be paid to the widows or orphans of contributors to the Fund, and these pension rates are embodied in pension tables from which, given the amount of contribution and the respective ages of husband and wife, the pension of any individual beneficiary can be ascertained by a more or less simple arithmetical