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Departmentally by labourers and artizans directed by the Head of the Department, engaged by him directly or through a contractor or Coolie Master.
13. Contracts are desirable when the detail and extent of the work can be accurately predicted before-hand, or when the various kinds of work can be accurately measured up and valued.
14. Work like repairing roads, consisting of numerous small operations such as spreading a few stones here and filling up a hole there are more properly executed departmentally, also works which require special accuracy and perfection, and in which defects cannot easily be detected during construction, such as the joining of water pipes.
15. Contracts may be "lump sum" or "schedule of rates". In a lump sum contract the contractor engages to do a work described in a plan, and specification, for a certain sum, irrespective of the cost of the various classes of work involved in the construction.
16. In the schedule of rates contracts, the Contractor engages to perform the various classes of work at prices agreed upon and inscribed in a schedule of rates, so much a yard for excavation, so much for brickwork, and so on, and on completion he is paid according to the quantity of each class of work as ascertained by actual measurement.
17. Lump sum contracts are rarely desirable, and are only applicable when the work can be accurately described by plans and specification, and where material deviations from the original design are improbable. This form of contract appears at first sight to be a very easy method of executing work. In the case of very simple works it may be so, but in more complex works to avoid disputes the specification must be a most minute and elaborate document; very laborious to prepare and unless drawn up most carefully, very open to omissions and mistakes.
(3)
C.J.D 72 g 19.7e.
T
18.