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C
MEMORANDUM
ON
& R & UL699
98
INDIAN TRADE
TRADE WITH WESTERN
CHINA,
AND ON THE
RESOURCES, TRADE, AND TRADE ROUTES
OF
YUNNAN AND ADJACENT PROVINCES.
India Office,
October 1998.
(Based on Various Authorities.)
Indian Trade with Western China.
The general interest that has been aroused in the last few years in Chinese Scope of affairs seems to render the present time opportune for investigating the Memo- special problems that arise out of the contiguity of Burma and Yunnan, randum. It is proposed in this memorandum to trace the course of Burma-China overland trade since 1890-91, and then to consider, with some fullness of detail, the existing resources of Western China, and the ways of penetrating the land-locked provinces which it comprises, viz., Yunnan, Kucichou, and Ssuchuan (Szechuan). The subject will be treated in two sections :---
I. Burma-China Overland Trado.
II. Yunnan.Its Resources, Trade, and Trade Routes, including (1) area, physical features, and population; (2) agriculture, mining, and manufactures; (3) trade; (4) trade routes; (5) rivalry with France; (6) conclusions. Kueichou and Ssuchuan will be considered mainly
in their relation to Yunnan.
The facts and figures with regard to Burma and China trade are derived Sources of from the monthly reports ou Indian overland trade, from Mr. O'Conor's
information. annual reviews of Indian trade, from the reports on trade between Burma and the adjoining countries, and from the administration reports on the Shan States. In the section on Yunnan au endeavour has been made to survey, with tolerable exhaustiveness, the more recent works on the subject. Some of the authorities quoted in the following list do not appear to be accessible except at the British Museum, while a few articles could be found only in the library of the Royal Geographical Society. These authorities necessarily vary in importance, while their discrepant statements about facts and their conflicting opinions often render it difficult to determine how much value should be attached to their testimony, but the qualifications of the writers have been weighed as far as possible.
Authorities Consulted.
Letter on the Provinces of Chili, Shansi, Shensi and Sz'chwan; with notes on Yunnan and Kweichau. Baron F. von Richthofen (Shanghai, 1872).
Voyage d'Exploration en Indo-Chine. Léon Garnier (1873).
La Province Chinoise du Yunnan. E. Rocher (1879).
Report by Mr. Davenport on the Trading Capabilities of the Country traversed by the Yunnan Mission. (China Bluebook, No. 2 of 1877.)
Llankow to Tali Fu. A. R. Margary (Royal Geographical Society's Journal, 1876).
Nouvelle Géographie Universelle. E. Reclus (1882).
Across Chryse. A. R. Colquhoun (1883),
Die Chinesischen Zukunfts-Eisenbahnen. G. von Kreitner (Revue Coloniale Internationale, Amsterdam, 1887).
La Chine: Huit Ans au Yunnan. M. Pourias (1888).
Mes Premières Impressions dans le Yunnan. M. Boutmy (Les Missions Catholiques, 1889).
Les Routes Commerciales du Yunnan. Col. V. Hoskiær (Geographisk Tidsskrift of Danish Geographical Society, 1888),
vers les Frontières Chinoises.
Notes sur les Routes Commerciales Capitaine R. (Journal des Sciences Militaires, 1884).
Chinese Province of Yunnan, and From the Irrawaddy to the Yangtze. Soltau and Stevenson (R. G. S. Journal, 1881).
A Journey through Western Ssnchuan, and Notes on Mr. Grosvenor's Mission. E. C. Baber (R. G. S., Supplementary Proceedings, 1886).
Report of a Journey in South-Western China. Consul F. S. A. Bourne (Blue-book C. 5371/1888).
River of Golden Sand. Captain W. J. Gill. Introduction by Yule (1883). Exploration in South and South-West China. A. R. Colquhoun (R. G. S. Supplementary Papers, 1889).
6531, I. 1261.
A