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Despatches from U S Consuls in Hong Kong, 1844-1906, United States, National Archives
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Authenticated copy of the letter from the Board of Reorganization of Guangdong Province to the Directors of the Tung Wah Hospital, dated 5 February 1886
Source Enclosed in Marsh to O'Conor, 20 March 1886, #47/G FO 228/842
Glossary
Aiyutang SW ^ baojia ft�D baozhang {SK bashi IlTfJ Beihai itU Chan Ayin (Chen Axian) WMV. Ch'an Sui-nam (Chen Ruinan) WMffi Chaozhou RjjM| Chen Aiting W.fS& Chen Lanbin BUW> Chung Boon-chor (Zhong Penchu) W$M Chuang jian zongli tWLWLM dibao tfeft Ding Richang TB i Dong Bao ijia ~%M�XW. Donghua Yiyuan [of San Francisco] ^a|S K Dongguan %% Fan A-wye (Fan Awei) TEP5!^ Fan Mo (fenmo) [Street] igX Fushan fillf Fung Ming Shan (Feng Mingshan) <fj!Hl Fung Wa Chuen (Feng Huachuan) 'MM)W Furen Wenshe $ttJf�� Gao Tingjie iSjgijfgr Guan di PW Guangji yiyuan f^i K
Guangxu yubi zhi bao itWMM��.9 Guangzhao ISM Guangzhou [prefecture] ||;M1 Guo Songdao f^jiO Haikou $ja he Gang hangshang. HjSgfTffi he Gang jiefang tongren W/t^fiSlnlA he Gang Wenwu Miao Wfeyt&M He Xianchi falftt? Ho Amei (He Amei) (5MH Ho Asik (He Axi) MRU Ho Fuk (He Fu) (Ejfg Ho Fuk Tong (He Futang) HW& Ho Kai (He Qi) fag
Ho Tung (He Dong) H3C
Hu Liyuan #M:@
Huazi ribao �D^B$g
huiguan ^H
Huizhou Bill
hmzhou haiwai ^MMPt-I-ts'z (yici) �G|jB| Jinghu yiyuan WimmU jinshen %iffl jushen Jkffi kaifong (jiefang) jSriS Kang Youwei (S#^ Kao Manhua (Gao Manhua) Sflfag Kinan (Jiannan) H^f Ku Fai-shan (Gu Huishan) "�G3 III kung-so (gongsuo) &#f kungsuh (gongsuo) -fcfft Kwan Hoi-chun (Guan Kaichuan) HfltsJH Kwok Asing (Guo Yasheng) H5SI& Kwong Fook (Guangfu) gcil Lai-chi-kok (Lizhijiao) igjKft Lau Wai Chuen (Liu Weichuan) 81/1/11 Leung On (Liang An) ^<g Li Hanzhang ^MM Li Hongzhang ^/"f �D Li Shuchang a^j^H Li Sing (Li Sheng) $ # Liu Kunyi ��!!*$�X Lo Ch'i-t'in (Lu Zhitian) It S B Lo Man Kam (Lo Wenjian) WicMh Loo Aqui (Lu Agui) MMm. mahjong (majiang) Hit? Man Mo [Temple] (Wenwu miao) ijg;R! Nam Pak Hong (Nan bei hang) ^itfi Ng Choy (Wu Cai) fc* O Chun-chit (Ke Chenjie) PIM& On Tai (Antai) <%M Paouchong (baozhang) ftft Paoukea (baojia) #�D
Po Leung Hui (Bao hang hui) &MH Po Leung Kuk (Bao hang ju) U^Wj Po Yan (puren) [Street] # t
qiao'an (^<g
Qiying #31 Sanon 001 kuan (Xm'an huiguan) ff^# H Sanwan zhong puhu zhumin ^WfcMfiSB; shen ffl
'Shen shi du shi lun' ^I^SMA shen wei pu you iff $Mfc shendong fflU Shennong rfijt shenshang Hffi Sheung-wan (Shanghuan) ��M shi ke ji zhi M ^SPit shou zongh if$83 Sin Tak Fan (Xian Defan) dt��3 Taiping X2^ taiping guan iK2?^ Tai-ping-shan (Taipingshan) ^^li i Tam Achoy (Tan Acai) Mfitf Tamsui (Danshui) �G�GTK
tang S. tanyuan ^M Tepo (dibao) tiff: Tiandi hui 55tfi# Tianhua jzM Tongji |B)S Tse Tsan Tai (Xie Zuantai) 3B��t^ Tso Pmg-lun (Zuo Bmglong) 1sM$k Ts'o U-t'ing (Cao Yuting) WfW U I-kai (Hu Erjie) WRfe Wa T'o (Huatuo) �DPt Wah Hop (Huahe) m% wan wu xian li ISMWtfi!l Wang Tao �GfS Wei Yuk (Wei Yu) # 1 Weixin ribao iftffB^g Wong Kwan Tong (Huang Juntang) SSi S Wong Shing (Huang Sheng) WB Wu Tingfang ffig^ Xiangshan friii xieft W>M Xunhuan ribao igUSfg
y..g Hi yangdou ffjt yangwu ^�Gx Yan tai jlin' GLOSSARY
yi yi Xi fa wei zhi �Xfa.WfePs'Z. yin m yinhu Wtf3 yinshang %iM yiyuan SK yuanbu f��il$ yulan iSW yongyue tongxin Sf JURI'D Zeng Guoquan ^HI ? Zhang Shusheng SffiB Zhang Yinhuan 311181 Zhang Zhidong $k��M Zhengxinlu WiiBSk zhih fiiS Zhongwai xinwen qin bao �Et'^t-ffM-fc B $6 zongh mm
Materials in Private Archives
The Tung Wah Group of Hospitals' Archives
Research on the Tung Wah Hospital would have been impossible with-out these archieves. For the pre-1896 period, materials consist primarily of the Zhengxinlu (ifcfi^i) (Annual Reports), photographs, plaques, and other inscriptions. The Zhengxinlu are extant from 1873 but the series is incomplete. Correspondence is extant from 1899, and is bound in volumes variously named. For this study, the most valuable is the one marked 'Fachu xinbu (fgttHaJU) (Outward Letters) 1900-1907' which actually contains copies of letters from 1899 to 1904, and from 1906 to 1907, numbering almost 1,000. Another useful source is the 'Dongshiju huiyi lu' (jt^lj#lii��) ('Minutes of board meetings') even though the series begins only in 1904. A particularly important document in these archives is the 'Wenwu Miao zhengxinlu' (~$CjkMW.*m%k) ('Annual Report of the Man Mo Temple') 1911, which contains essays on its history and a simplified cumulative account of expenditures and incomes from 1873.
For a .more detailed description of the Tung Wah and Po Leung Kuk Archives, see my paper 'Materials for Historical Research: Source Mate-rials on the Tung Wah Hospital 1869-1941 �X the Case of a Historical Institution' in Alan Birch, Y. C. Jao, and Elizabeth Sinn (eds.), Re-search Materials for Hong Kong Studies (Hong Kong: Centre of Asian Studies, University of Hong Kong, 1984), pp. 195-223.
The Po Leung Kuk Archives
For the nineteenth century, materials here are more complete than
the Tung Wah Archives and are equally valuable. I have relied on the
'Yishibu' (WMW), a one-volume collection of minutes from 1880 to 1885.
The volumes of correspondence, extant from 1884, are given various
titles, but are basically classified into incoming and outgoing letters for
each year.
Materials in Public Archives
Great Britain, Colonial Office, Original Correspondence: Hong Kong, 1841-1951, Series 129 (CO 129). Great Britain, Foreign Office, General Correspondence: China 1815-1905, Series 17 (FO 17).
Great Britain, Foreign Office, Embassy and Consular Correspondence, 1834-1930, Series 228 (FO 228) Great Britain, Foreign Office, Miscellanea, 1759-1935, Series 233 (FO 233) United States, National Archives, Despatches from U S Consuls in Hong Kong, 1844-1906 (M108) United States, National Archives, Despatches from U S Consuls in Hong Kong, 1844-1906 (M108)
Official Publications
British Commission on Muitsai in Hong Kong and Malaya, Muitsai in Hong Kong and Malaya ([London 1936]) Great Britain, Parliament, Parliamentary Papers China (Shannon Irish
University Press, 1971-) (BPP) Hong Kong Blue Book Hong Kong Government Gazette (HKGG) Hong Kong Hansard Hong Kong Sessional Papers (HKSP) Hong Kong, Muitsai Committee, Muitsai in Hong Kong Report of the
Committee (London H M S O , 1936)
Hong Kong, Report of the Commission appointed by H E Sir William Robinson, K C M G to enquire into the Working and Organiza-tion of the Tung Wa [sic] Hospital together with the Evidence taken before the Commission and other Appendices, 1896 (TWR)
Hong Kong, The City District Office Scheme, Report by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs (1969)
Newspapers
English-language newspapers
China Mail (CM), 1845 onwards Hong Kong Daily Press, (DP), 1870 onwards Hong Kong Telegraph (HKT), 1881 onwards
Chinese-language newspapers*
Huazi ribao (^^Bf6) (Chinese Mail), 1895 onwards Xunhuan ribao (tfJSBS) (Universal Circulating Herald) (XH), 1874 onwards
* Chinese newspapers provide a very different perspective on the development of the Chinese community, unfortunately, for the nineteenth century they are fragmentary
Zhongwai xinwen qiri bao (4'^rffllfl-b Bi ) (China and World News Weekly) (ZW), March 1871-March 1872.
Selected Books, Papers, and Articles
Alice Ho Mui Ling Nethersole Hospital 1887-1967 (Hong Kong: the Hospital, 1967). Aying (H3?) (pseudonym), Fan Mei Huagong jinyue wenxue ji (ftH^IIS^liP^) (Literature on the Movement against the United States' Exclusion Act) (Peking: 1960). Balme, Harold, China and Modern Medicine, A Study in Medical Mis-sion Development (London: United Council for Missionary Educa-tion, 1921). Barth, Gunther, Bitter Strength: A History of the Chinese in the United States, 1850-1870 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1965). Bastid, Marianne, 'The Social Context of Reform', in Paul A. Cohen and John E. Schrecker (eds.), Reform in Nineteenth-Century China (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1976), pp. 117-27.
Bird, Isabella, The Golden Chersonese (Kuala Lumpur: Oxford Uni-versity Press, 1967; first published 1883). Blakeley, Brian L., The Colonial Office 1868-1892 (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1972).
Brand, Jeanne L., Doctors and the State: The British Medical Profession and Government Action in Public Health, 1870-1912 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1965). Brockington, C. Fraser, A Short History of Public Health (London: J. & A. Churchill, 1966). Cai Guanlo (H3v��) (ed.), Qingdai qibai mingren zhuan (Mft-bS^SAH) (Biographies of 700 Prominent Qing Personalities), 3 volumes (Hong Kong: 1963; preface dated 1936).
Campbell, Persia Crawford, Chinese Coolie Emigration to Countries within the British Empire (New York: Negro University Press, 1969; first published 1923).
Cantlie Stewart, Jean, The Quality of Mercy: The Lives of Sir James and Lady Cantlie (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1983).
Cell, John W., British Colonial Administration in the Mid-nineteenth Century: the Policy Making Process (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1970).
Chan, Ming K., 'Perspectives on the Chinese Labour Movement: the Hong Kong Connection', paper presented at the 'Hong Kong and China: Influence and Interaction' Seminar, 26-28 February 1981, Centre of Asian Studies, University of Hong Kong.
Chan, Ming K. (RBJjif) and others, Zhongguo yu Xianggang gongyun
congheng (^HHSHf 8HaiSiffi) (Dimensions of the Chinese and Hong Kong Labour Movement) (Hong Kong: Christian Industrial Com-mittee, 1986).
Chan, Wellington K. K., Merchants, Mandarins and Modern Enterprise in Late Ch'ing China (Cambridge, Mass.: East Asian Research Centre, Harvard University Press, 1977).
Chang Chung-li, The Chinese Gentry: Studies in Their Role in Nineteenth-century Chinese Society (Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1955).
Chang Hap (ffiil) and others, Wan Qing sixiang (jftffi,g.!) (Thought in the Late Qing Period) (Taipei: 1971). Chen Bangxian (HUES), Zhongguo yixue shi (+B8P�G) (History of Medicine in China) (Shanghai: 1955; first published 1937).
Chen Hansheng (|S$�Gl3f=) (ed.), Huagong chuguo shiliao huibian (�DXtBSiS-^li) (A Compilation of Historical Materials on the Emigration of Chinese Labourers), Vol. 1- (Peking: 1980- ). Chen Yongliang ($.7&%), Zhongguo yixueshi gangyao (+H!8it^$5]I?) (An Outline History of Medicine in China) (Canton: 1947). Cheng, Irene, Clara Ho Tung: A Hong Kong Lady, Her Family and Her Times (Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1976).
Cheng T. C , 'Chinese Unofficial Members of the Legislative and Execu-tive Councils in Hong Kong up to 1941', Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 9 (1969), pp. 7-30.
Chesneaux, J. (ed.), Popular Movements and Secret Societies in China, 1840-1950 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1972).
Choa, G. H., 'Chinese Traditional Medicine and Contemporary Hong Kong', Symposium Paper, October 1966 (Hong Kong: Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 9 (1969), pp. 7-30. 'A History of Medicine of Hong Kong' in Medical Directory of Hong Kong (Hong Kong: 1970), pp. 12-26. The Life and Times of Sir Kai Ho Kai (Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1981).
Chouban yiwu shimo (!i!$J|$?�Gn3K) (The Complete Account of the Man-agement of Barbarian Affairs), juan 260 (photographic reprint) (Peking: 1930).
Chow Tse-tsung, The May Fourth Movement (Stanford: Stanford Uni-versity Press, 1967; first published 1967).
Chuan, S. H. 'Chinese Patients and their Prejudices', China Medical Journal, Vol. XXXI: 5 (October 1917), pp. 504-10.
Ch'u T'ung-tsu, 'Chinese Class Structure and its Ideology' in John K. Fairbank, Chinese Thought and Institution (Chicago: University of Chicago, 1957), pp. 235-50. Local Government in China under the Ch'ing (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1962).
Law and Society in Traditional China (Pans Mouton, 1965)
Cohen, Paul A , 'Wang T'ao and Incipient Chinese Nationalism', Jour-nal of Asian Studies XXVI 4 (August 1967), pp 559-74 Between Tradition and Modernity Wang T'ao and Reform in Late Ch'ing China (Cambridge, Mass Harvard University Press, 1974)
Cnssman, Lawrence W , 'The Segmentary Structure of Urban Overseas Chinese Communities', Man 2 2 (June 1967), pp 185-204
de Glopper, Donald Robert, 'Temple, Faction and Loan Club Volun-tary Associations in a Taiwanese Town', paper prepared for the 23rd Annual Meeting, Association for Asian Studies, Washington, D C , March 1971
Deng Zhongxia (SS+JE), Zhongguo zhigong yundong jianshi (if SU.T.M BBS'S.) (A Brief History of the Chinese Labour Movement) (Tientsin 1949)
des Voeux, G William, My Colonial Service, 2 volumes (London 1903)
Ding You (TX), Xianggang chuqi shihua (1841-1907) (W&WM$.�Gi) (Early History of Hong Kong 1841-1907) (Peking 1983, first pub-lished 1958)
'The Distncts of Hong Kong and the Name Kwan Tai Lo', China Review 1 (1872-73), pp 333-4 Dou Jihang (H^H), Tongxiang zushi zhi yanjiu (�D\MW$i,~2M'$L) (The Study of Regional Organizations) (Chungking 1943) Eitel, E J , Europe in China (Hong Kong Oxford University Press, 1983, first published 1895), with an introduction by H J Lethbridge Elvin, Mark, and Skinner, G W (eds ), The Chinese City Between Two Worlds (Stanford Stanford University Press, 1974)
Endacott, G B , A Biographical Sketchbook of Early Hong Kong (Hong Kong Eastern Universities Press, 1962) Government and People in Hong Kong (Hong Kong Hong Kong University Press, 1964) A History of Hong Kong (Hong Kong Oxford University Press, 1983, first published 1958)
England, Joe, and Rear, John, Chinese Labour under British Rule (Hong Kong Oxford University Press, 1975)
Evans, Dafydd M Emrys, 'Chinatown in Hong Kong The Beginnings of Taipingshan', Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 10 (1970), pp 69-78 Constancy of Purpose (Hong Kong Hong Kong University Press, 1987)
Fairbank, John King, Trade and Diplomacy on the China Coast (Stan-ford Stanford University Press, 1968, first published 1953) Fei Xiaotong (JJ^JI), Xiangtu Zhongguo (%��^m) (Rural China) (Shanghai 1947) Fei Xiaotong and others (eds ), Huangquan yu shenquan (MSPlUfll)
(Imperial Power and Gentry Power) (Hong Kong 1981, first pub-
lished 1948)
Feldwick, W , Present Day Impressions of the Far East and Prominent and Progressive Chinese at Home and Abroad The History, People, Commerce, Industries and Resources of China, Hong Kong and Indo-China, Malaya and Netherlands Indies (London 1917)
Fieldhouse, D K , The Colonial Empires, A Comparative Study from the Eighteenth Century (London Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1966, first published 1965)
Freedman, Maurice, 'Immigrants and Associations Chinese in 19th Cen-tury Singapore', Comparative Studies in Social History 3 (1961), pp 25-48
Furnivall, J S , Colonial Policy and Practice A Comparative Study of Burma and Netherlands India (New York New York University Press, 1956, first published 1948)
Gao Zhenbai (ift^^), 'Xianggang Donghua yiyuan yu Gao Manhe [sic] (g^ifriiKgeiBiSiiW) (The Tung Wah Hospital of Hong Kong and Gao Manhe'), Da Hua (��m) 1 4 (October 1970), pp 2-6 'Cong Xianggang de Yuan Fa Hang tan qi' (tS^MM^TtWa^i^) ('On Yuan Fa Hang of Hong Kong'), Da cheng (��JS) 117 (August 1983), pp 47-52, 118 (September 1983), pp 45-51, 119 (October 1983), pp 34-9, 120 (November 1983), pp 46-54
Ge Gongzhen (-Jz-HkM), Zhongguo baoye shi (<PS$$M$.) (The History of Chinese Journalism) (Hong Kong 1964)
Godley, Michael, 'The Late Ch'ing's Courtship of the Chinese in South-east Asia', Journal of Asian Studies 34 2 (February 1975), pp 361-85
The Mandarin-Capitalists from Nanyang Overseas Chinese Enter-prise in the Modernization of China 1893-1911 (Cambridge, Mass Harvard University Press, 1981)
Ghck, Clarence E , Sojourners and Settlers Chinese Migrants in Hawaii (Honolulu University Press of Hawaii, 1980) Graham, Gerald, The China Station, War and Diplomacy, 1830-1860 (Oxford Oxford University Press, 1978) Gray, John Henry, China, A History of the Law, Manners and Customs of the People, 2 volumes (London Macmillan, 1878)
Guo Songdao (HSU*), Yangzhi shuwu yiji (Hfti'ft'is.AM) (Works from the Yangzhi Studio) 28 juan (photographic reprint) (Taipei 1964) Guo Songdao riji (ffjU*BoB) (The Diary of Guo Songdao), 4 volumes (Zhangsha 1981-)
Gutzlaff, Charles, 'On the Secret Triad Society of China, Chiefly from Papers Belonging to the Society found at Hong Kong', Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 8 (1846), pp 361-7
Halcombe, Charles J H , The Mystic Flowery Land (London 1896)
Hao Yen-p'ing, The Comprador in Nineteenth-Century China �X Bridge between East and West (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1970).
Hayes, James, The Hong Kong Region 1850-1911: Institutions and Lead-ership in Town and Countryside (Hamden, Connecticut: Archon Books, Dawson, 1977).
Hirata, Lucie Cheng, 'Free, Indentured, Enslaved: Chinese Prostitutes in Nineteenth-century America', Signs 5:1 (Autumn 1979), pp. 3 -29. Hiroaki, Kani (nI5S,K5A), Kindai Chugoku no kuri to choka (;|Tft4lll0 i%J31 rig;fEj) (The Coolies and 'Slave Girls' of Modern China) (Tokyo: 1979). A History of the Sam Yup Benevolent Association in the United States 1850-1974 (JfcJSHg|i,#Hf8.�G) (bilingual) (San Francisco: Sam Yup Benevolent Association, 1975). Ho Ping-ti, The Ladder of Success in Imperial China: Aspects of Social Mobility, 1368-1911 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1962). Ho Ping-ti (foJ'JR^), Zhongguo huiguan shilun (4Ii!#iiIi�Gln) (A Histori-cal Survey of Landsmannschaften in China) (Taipei: 1966). Hobson, Benjamin, 'Reports', China Repository XIII (1844), pp. 377-82. Hsiao Kung-chuan, Rural China: Imperial Control in the Nineteenth Century (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1960). Hsu, Immanual, China's Entry into the Family of Nations (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1960). Hu Liyuan (iflitS), Hu Yinan xiansheng quanji (?WSffl5fe��^:^) (Col-lected Works of Hu Liyuan) 60 juan (Hong Kong: 1920). Hu Quanzhao (fflW&l), Tunmo liufen (gaR^) (Notes on the [Sino-French] War), 2 volumes, 8 juan (Taipei: 1973, photographic reprint; original preface dated 1898). Huaqiao zhi zongzuan weiyuan hui (l|1HfSf,^Sfl#) (ed.), Huaqiao zhi zongzhi (^fglfefffit?:) (Records of Overseas Chinese, A Sum-mary) (Taipei: 1964; first published 1956). Huazi ribao qishiyi zhounian jinian kan (l|^B$8-b-h�XM^-ftHitM) (Pub-lication to Commemorate the 71st Anniversary of the 'Huazi ribao') (Hong Kong: 1934). Huessler, Robert, Yesterday's Rulers: The Making of the British Colonial Service (New York: Syracuse University Press, 1963). Hummel, Arthur W. (ed.), Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period (1644-1912), 2 volumes (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1943-4). Irick, Robert Lee, Ch'ing Policy towards the Coolie Trade, 1847-1878 (Taipei: Chinese Materials Centre, 1980). Jarrett, Vincent H. G., 'Old Hong Kong', a series of articles on the
history of Hong Kong taken from the South China Morning Post from 17 June 1933 to 13 Apnl 1935, re-organized alphabetically by subject Photographic copy of a typed copy is deposited at the University of Hong Kong Library, in four volumes
Jaschok, Maria H , Concubines and Bondservants (London Zed Books, 1988) Jia Dedao (g#il), Zhongguo yixue shilue (4> !!8P�GB�G) (Brief History of Medicine in China) (Taiyuan 1979)
Jin Rihong (^BH), 'Liji Yixuetang shimo ji jiaoxue gaikuang' (mmwm&ih^Rik^WtSO ('A brief account of the Liji medical school'), Zhonghua yishi zazhi (4>�DBi^S) (Chinese Journal of Medical History) 12 2 (February 1982), pp 90-2
Jinghu Yiyuan jiusht zhouji jinian tekan (IMIIKA-r'H^ifS-B-fHpflJ) (Spe-cial 90th Anniversary Memorial Magazine of the Jinghu Hospital)
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Lai Guanghn (iR;fcBg), 'Wang Tao yu Xunhuan ribao' (3EI��f?0i^ B fg) ('Wang Tao and Xunhuan ribao'), Baoxue ($8P) (Journalism) 3 9 (Taipei December 1967) pp 52-64
Lane-Poole, Stanley, Thirty Years of Colonial Government Selections from the Despatches and Letters of the Right Honourable Sir George Ferguson Bowen, G C M G, 2 volumes, (London Longmans, Green, 1887)
Lau Siu-kai, Society and Politics in Hong Kong (Hong Kong Chinese University Press, 1982)
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Legge, James, 'Lecture on Reminiscences of a Long Residence in the East', China Review 1 (1872), pp 163-76 Lethbridge, H J , Hong Kong Stability and Change, A Collection of Essays (Hong Kong Oxford University Press, 1978) Li Wenzhong Gong quanji (^iCS-fc^M) (Complete Works of Li Hong-zhang), 7 volumes (Hong Kong 1967) (LQJ)
Lin Qianliang (#^S), 'Wo guo jindai caoji de Zhongyi xuexiao' (KHiifWgB^+liPR) ('Early Chinese medical schools in modern times'), Zhonghua yishi zashi 10:2 (February 1980), pp. 90-91.
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Lo Hsiang-lin (gS#), Xianggang yu Zhong Xi wenhua zhi jiaoliu (lf$=gl4,i33t'(k;;�G32:tfiE) (Hong Kong and East-West Cultural Ex-change) (Hong Kong: 1961).
Lockhart, William, The Medical Missionary in China, A Narrative of Twenty Years' Experience (London: Hurst & Blackett, 1861). Lu Yan (#B) and others, Xianggang zhanggu (S^Kfifc) (Hong Kong
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Mai Meisheng (3?tt�G), Fandui xubi shiliao (SJfU^^fcf) (A History of the Anti-Muitsai Movement) (Hong Kong: 1933). MacMillan, Alistair, Seaports of the Far East (London: 1923). Manning, Helen Taft, 'Who Ran the Empire �X 1830-1850?', Journal of
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Index
ACHEEN, 106 Adultery, 91-2, 93, 96, 121 Alcock, Rutherford, 102, 242 n 90 Amoy, 101, 181 Amputation, 63, 91, 189 Anglo-Chinese College, 137 Annam, 73, 77, 133 Anti-imperialism, 210 Apprentices, 73, 96, 97 Army Medical Staff, 163 Arrow War, 24, 25 Atkinson, J M , Dr, 188-9, 190, 192, 197, 199, 202, 205, 262 n 25 Austin, J Gardiner, 108 Australia, 73, 77, 101, 137, 169 Ayres, P B C , Dr, 66, 68-9, 73, 160, 161, 162, 185, 187, 191, 198, 199
BAILEY, D H , 107, 108 Bankruptcy laws, 91-2 Baojia, 11 Barker, [Digby], Major-Ceneral, 152 Board of Reorganization of Guang-dong, 145, 146 Bowen, Sir George, 66, 92, 130, 131, 132, 133, 230 n 93 Bownng, Sir John, 23, 24, 37 Bramston, John, 118, 132 Brenan, Byron, 171-3, 181 Brewin, W A , 209 Bntish Columbia, 77, 108 British Empire, 1, 2, 7, 85, 89, 106, 189, see also Great Britain Brothels, 91, 132-3 Bubonic plague, 78, 159-83, 186-95, 201
CADETS, 25-6 Caldwell, D R , 24-5, 39 California, 44, 73, 77, 101, 104, 109-10 Canton, 21, 23, 72, 79, 80, 101, 103, 106, 109, 110, 111, 137, 138, 139, 140, 142, 145, 159, 160, 161, 163, 166, 167, 168, 171, 172, 174, 176, 178, 181, 812, 187, 201 Canton area, 65, 67 Canton authorities, 1, 9, 17, 24, 71,
110, 111, 125, 138, 141-3, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 166, 168, 173, 175, 177, 179, 211, see also Board of Re-orgamzation of Guangdong, Li Hanzhang, Liu Kunyi, Zhang Zhi-dong Catholic church, 21 Causes of death, 185, 186, 193, 197, 261 n 5 Cemetery Street (Fan Mo Street), 48-9 Central School, 62, 119, 154, see also Queen's College Chadwick, Osbert, 124, 250 n 22, his Report, 160 Chan Ayin (Chen Axian), 56, 111, 227 n 30, 247 n 158 Chan Kam Shing, 189-90 Ch'an Sui-nam (Chen Ruinan), 97, 178 Chaozhou merchants, 56, 99 Charitable Allowance Fund, 70 Chater, Paul, 196, 199, 263, n 68 Chen Aiting, see Chan Ayin Chen Jiongming, 211 Chen Lanbin, 72, 111 China, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 13, 19, 20, 23, 28, 52, 56, 62, 63, 65, 70, 71, 72, 73, 75, 79, 80, 84, 85, 86, 91, 92, 98, 100, 103, 113, 114, 120, 122, 131, 139, 148, 153, 154, 155, 167, 172, 173, 180, 209, 210, Emperor of, 1, 5, 51, 100, 141, 147, 148, see also Guangxu Emperor, government, 9, 10, 14, 75, 101, 102, 103, 112, 125, 126, 138, 139, 140, 141, 143, 145, 148, 149, 151, 156, 157, see also Canton authorities, Tsungli Ya-men, and Great Bntain, 1, 8-9, 24, 145, 147-8, 171-5, 176-7, and Hong Kong, 1, 5-6, 7, 9, 17, 24, 52, 81, 85-7, 98-101, 111-13, 126, 133-49, 154-5, 157-8, 171-7, 210-11, local elite, 4, 55, 82, 97, 140, 156, local government, 11, 22, 82, 140, 156, officials, 5, 14, 75, 85, 86, 87, 98, 99, 100, 101, 109, 110, 112, 120, 128, 137, 139, 140, 141, 142,
143, 144, 146, 148, 150, 151, 176, reform ideas, 152, 154, Treaty ports in, 77 China Consolidated Benevolent Asso-ciation of Victona, 108, 109 China Mad, 40, 88, 89, 119, 138 China Merchant Steam Navigation Company, 109, 110, 162 China Review, 16 Chinese business in Hong Kong, 23, 28, 84 Chinese Chamber of Commerce, Hong Kong, 123, 124, 127, 149-50, 192, 209 Chinese Civil Service Examination, 4, 86 Chinese community in Hong Kong, 1, 2-3, 6, 7, 43, 55, 59, 79, 81, 82, 83, 104, 115, 120, 122, 131, 152, 160, 183, 193-4, 195, 205, 210, 211, growth of, 10, 23, 121, 210-11, resistance to plague measures, 163-7, 168, 181, rift within, 169-70, 210-11, social organization, 2, 4, 12-19, 27-9, 52-3, 60, wealth of, 36, 55, 84-5, 193 See also Hong Kong government, management of Chinese, Tung Wah Hospital Com-mittee, as community leaders Chinese community leadership in Hong Kong, 3, 4-5, 15-18, 23, 27-9, 39, 40, 43, 55-6, 82-98, 103-20, 140, 155-7, 166, 168-9,191-2, 207, 209, 'new men', 3, 207 Chinese Consuls, 103, 107, 108, 110, 140, for Hong Kong, 70, 112, 140, 148, 149-50, for the Philippines, 139, at Singapore, 140, 151, at Yokohama, 112 Chinese customs, 2, 8, 9, 10, 18-19, 22, 25, 36, 41, 43, 61, 91, 96-7, 115-17, 157, 211, 212 Chinese gentry, 16, 55, 72, 82, 87, 147 Chinese honours, 15, 47, 85-7, sale of, 17, 86 Chinese Hospital Committee, 39-42, 43, 47, 61 Chinese Hospital Ordinance, 40, 44-7, 53, 58, 90, 127, 189, 192, 200 Chinese Imperial Customs, 137 Chinese merchants, 55, 86-7, in Hong Kong, 28, 43, 47, 84-7, 138, 156 Chinese nationalism, 155, 210, 211 Chinese Passengers Act 1855, 101
Chinese Recreation Ground, 123, 124 Chinese voluntary associations, 60, 81, 108 Chinese-language newspapers, 72, 109, 141 Cholon, 77, 80 Chung Boon-chor (Zhong Penchu), Dr, 204,206, 264 n 100, 264 n 106 City District Office, 212 City Hall [for Chinese], 123-4, 149 Civil disputes, 22 'Class legislation', 193-4, see also Ra-cial discrimination Coffins, 18, 32, 64, 70, 71, 74, 108-9,
see also Taiping guan
College of Medicine for Chinese, 67, 197, 206, 230 n 104 Colonial Office, 2, 7, 24, 25, 31, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 73, 74, 88, 116, 118, 124, 127, 129, 130, 132, 134, 141, 145, 148, 150, 178, 187 Combination Acts, 14-15 Communal conflict, 1, 3, 83, 180-1 Compradores Guild, 54, 74 Constitutional reform, 23-4, 129-32, 201 Contagious Diseases Ordinance, 132 'Coolie trade', 33, 101, 102, 103, 110, 113, 114, see also Emigration Costa Rica, 110 Credit-ticket system, 105 Cnssman, Lawrence, 80 Cuba, 102, 103, 110 'Customs blockade', 75
DAVIS, SIR JOHN, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 214 n 9 Deacon, Vincent, 189, 190 Deane, W M , 126 Deli, Sumatra, 106 Derby, Earl of, 130, 132 Ding, Richang, 99, 240 n 75 Distnct Watch Committee, 28, 152, 156, 163, 195, 201 District Watch Force, see District Watchmen Distnct Watch Fund, 152 Distnct Watchmen, 27-8, 43, 84, 105 Dods, G , Dr, 68 Dolores Uqarte, 103, 122
EAST KENT REGIMENT, 134 Education, 153 Eitel, E J , 2, 11, 17, 21, 118, 126, 191
Elliot, Charles, Captain, 1, 8, 9, 213 n 1, his proclamation, 8, 91, 115, 212 Emigration, 15, 19, 33-4, 39, 66, 70, 77, 85, 91, 101-13, 114, 119, 122, 123, 125, 126, 137, 140, 175, abuses, 39, 101-8. 109-11, 113-17, Impenal ban against, 10, 85 Emigration Convention 1866, 101 'English-educated' Chinese, 47, 121, 151-2, 153, 183 English-language newspapers, 74, 109, 110, 113, 121-2, 123, 127, 135, 153, 169, 180-2 Esing bread poisoning case, 25 European community, 23, 25, 74, 83, 88, 94-5, 121, 152, 180-1 Executive Council, 130, 201 Extradition, 148
FAN A-WYE (FAN AWEI), 31, 32, 35, 40, 42, 43, 221 n 1, his dispensary, 32, 34 Foochow, 133 Foreign Office, 145, 148, 150 Francis, J J , 161, 179-80, 182, 185, 257 n 18 Fung Ming-shan (Feng Mingshan), 129, 250 n 50 Fung Wa Chuen (Feng Huachuan), 203, 204, 205, 206, 207-8, 264 n 95, 264 n 108 Furen Wenshe, 155, 169
GAMBLING, 37, 91, 123, 132 Gambling Licence, 37-8 Gao Tingjie, see Kao Man-hua Gerrard, John, 90, 117 Gibb, Livingston & Co , 39 Government Civil Hospital, 19-20, 21, 35, 36, 41, 61, 62, 63, 66, 161, 164, 185, 189, 190, 219 n 83, mortality rate at, 63 Government Gazette, 26,'88 Granville, Lord, 36, 37, 38, 39 Great Bntain, 1-2, 8, 24, 35, 38, 51, 88, 95, 115, 125,127, 135, 138, 143, 145, 186, 187, 204, see also British Empire, China, and Great Britain, Colonial Office, Foreign Office, public health in, 3, 162, 163, 184 Guan di, 99 Guangdong, 66, floods, 139, 141-7, Hong Kong as part of, 143
Guangxu Emperor, 99, 100, 101, 148, see also China, Emperor of Guilds, 13, 14, 28-9, 55, 56, 57, 76, 83, 134, 226 n 27, and Tung Wah Hospital, 4, 54-7, 74-76 See also Compradores Guild, Nam Pak Hong Guild, Piecegoods Dealers' Guild Guo Songdao, 52, 154, 225 n 13
HAIPHONG, 77 Hall of Sustaining Love (Aiyutang), 79, 103, 139 Hance, H F , 111, 125 Harbour Master's Office, 74 Havana, 56, 111 Hawaii, 80, 106, 110, 111, 119 Hennessy, Sir John Pope, 24, 26, 59, 62, 65, 88, 94, 110, 111, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 123-4, 125, 128, 130, 141, 156, 193, 220 n 100 Hicks-Beach, Sir Michael, 125-6, 128 Ho Amei (He Amei), 58, 132, 137-8, 142-3, 144, 147, 149, 152, 174, 192, 193-4, 197, 205 Ho Asik (He Axi), 16, 39, 217 n 50 Ho Fuk (He Fu), 152, 225 n 170 Ho Fuk Tong (He Futang), 56 Ho Kai (He Qi), 149-50, 151-2, 153-4, 160, 161, 193, 196, 199, 201, 227 n 32 Ho Tung (He Dong), 193-4, 195 Hobson, Benjamin, Dr, 21 Hong Kong annexation by Great Bri-tain, 1,8, cession by China, 5 Hongkong and Shanghai Bank, 136, 163 Hong Kong Daily Press, 17, 75, 76, 83, 94, 95, 110, 121, 163, 181, 195 Hong Kong General Chamber of Com-merce, 75, 131-2, 137, 151, 179 Hong Kong government, 18, 24, 28, 29, 31, 32, 35, 36, 37, 51, 65, 67, 68, 69, 70, 102, 104, 106, 107, 122, 123, 138, 139, 151, 157, 160, 170, 174, 175, 178, 179, 184, 186-7, 193-4, 195, 196, 197,198, 201, 203, 205, 206, 209, 210, 211, and guilds, 14-15, management of Chinese, 1, 2, 3, 4, 10-12, 13-15, 22-7, 43, 48, 82-101,113-20, 124-9, 130-1, 152, 156-7, 207, 208, 211-12, political structure, 23-4, 131-2, 151-2,153-4, 155, 157, 207 See also Tung
Wah Hospital Committee, and Hong Kong government Hong Kong Hotel, 133 Hong Kong Stnke-Boycott 1925, 210 Hong Kong Telegraph, 169, 170, 171, 174, 175, 178, 180, 181 Honolulu, 77 Hospitals, 19-22, 31, 51-3, 60, 68, 79-81, Alice Memorial Hospital, 65, 190, 202, 204, 229 n 79, 229 n 81, Canton Missionary Hospital, 52, Chinese Hospital, Shanghai, 52, Donghua Hospital, San Francisco, 80, Fangbian Hospital, Canton, 80, 235 n 163, Fushan Hospital, Cho-lon, 80, 'Glass Works' Hospital, 167, 177, 185-6, Guangji Hospital, 80, 235 n 163, Guangzhao Hos-pital, Cholon, 80, Jinghu Hospital, Macao, 80, 235 n 162, Kwong Wah (Guanghua) Hospital, 50, 209, Lai-chi-kok (Lizhijiao) Hospital, 178-80, Nethersole Hospital, 65, 229 n 80, Tianhua Hospital, Bangkok, 80, 236 n 166, Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, 209, Tung Wah Group of Hospitals, 50, 209, Wa T'o (Huatuo) Hospital, 89 See also Government Civil Hospital, Tung Wah Hospital Hu Liyuan, 154, 256 n 177 Huazi ribao (Chinese Mail), 56, 144, 195, 227 n 30 Huiguan (regional associations), 13, 56, 70-1, 72, 83 Hung-hom docks, 133 Hygeia, 161-2, 163, 164, 167, 168, 172, 174
I-TS'Z (YICI), 18-19, 30, 31, 32-7, 40-1, 42, 43, 46, 61, 64, 90, 200 India, 92, 200, 258 n 41 Ingrams, Harold, 2 Interpreters, 10, 24, 25, 26 Inck, Robert, 103 Irish Relief Fund, 119
JACKSON, THOMAS, 136, 252 n 91 James, (HER) , Surgeon-Major, 163, 186 Japan, 73, 111 Jenner, Edward, 65 Jervois, William, Major-General, 22, 23, 219 n 91
Junsdiction, 5, 8-9, 16, 146 Justices of the Peace, 88, 131-2, 151, 201
KAIFONG (NEIGHBOURHOOD ASSOCIA-TIONS), 13, 16-17, 39-40, 47, 55, 59, 83, 96, 193, 202-3, 204 Kang Youwei, 154 Kao Man-hua (Gao Manhua), 99, 100, 240 n 76 Kennedy, Sir Arthur, 66, 88, 92, 104, 105, 107, 119, 121, 123, 124-5, 230 n 96 Kennedy Town, 71, 167, 173 Kerr, John, Dr, 51-2 Kidnapping, 1, 101, 103, 104, 105, 106, 113-15, 123 Kimberley, Earl of, 116, 126-7, 128, 141 Km-loong shop, 97 Ku Fai-shan (Gu Huishan), 198 Kung-so (gongsuo), 17, 50, 89, 217 n 60 Kwan Hoi-chun (Guan Kaichuan), 142, 145, 146 Kwok Asing (Guo Yasheng), 103, 114 Kwong Fook I-ts'z (Guangfu yici), see I-ts'z Kwong-kang, 175
LABOUCHERE, HENRY, 24 Labour consciousness, 210 Land speculation, 91 Lane-Poole, Stanley, 2 Lanterns, 10, 11, see also Light and Night Pass system Lau Wai Chuen (Liu Weichuan), 160, 163, 166, 174, 198, 207, 257 n 10 Law, 9-10, 11, 14-15, 46, 91-4, 96-8, 114-17, 190 League of Nations, 116 Legislative Council, 24, 29, 130-2, 136, 205, Chinese member on, 24, 56, 85, 131, 201, 210 Lethbridge, H J , 55, 207 Leung On (Liang An), 39, 41, 43, 47, 50, 58, 88, 90, 100, 115, 123, 135, 223 n 52 Leung Tai (Liang Tai), 112 Li Hanzhang, 172-3, 175, 176, 177, 181, 259 n 73 Li Hongzhang, 87, 99, 110, 112, 131, 172, 192, 240 n 74 Li Shuchang, 111
Li Sing (Li Sheng), 17, 123, 149, 192 Light and Night Pass system, 92-3, 193-5, see also Night Passes Lister, Alfred, 33, 34, 40, 41, 42, 45, 47, 61 Liu Kunyi, 110, 111 Lo Ch'i-t'in (Lu Zhitian), 142, 143 Lo Man-kam (Luo Wenjian), 209 Lockhart, James Stewart, 64, 142-3, 144, 150, 151, 152, 153, 155-6, 161, 173, 188-9, 196, 199, 203, 204, 205, 229 n 76 Lockhart, William, Dr, 52 London, 33, see also Great Britain London and China Express, 88 London and China Telegraph, 38 London Missionary Society, 21, 56 Loo Aqui (Lu Agui), 15-16, 23, 217 n 50 Lowson, J A , Dr, 161-2, 164, 173-4, 177, 185-7, 197, 199, 202, 205, 257 n 12 Lunatics, 70, 73-4
MACAO, 58, 65, 80, 101, 103, 105 McCallum, Hugh, 187-8 MacDonnell, Sir Richard, 31, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 50-1, 58, 84, 88, 102, 104, 105, 119, 160, 200, 221 n 4 McLeavy-Brown, (J ), 125 Man Mo (Wenwu) Temple, 15-16, 22, 50, Committee, 16-17, 83-4, 96, 162 Manson, Patnck, Dr, 67 Marsh, Sir William, 124, 127, 128, 129, 130, 134, 135, 141, 143, 144, 145, 146, 249 n 20 Mary Tatham, 111-13, 128, 141 May, F H , 166, 182, 258 n 43 Meade, Robert, 130 Medical concept and practice Chinese, 18, 19, 20-2, 51-2, 63-4, 79, 162, 212, Western, 21, 68, 184, 205, 212 Medical education, 62 Midge, H M S , 139 Mitchell-Innes, N G , 130 Muitsai (meizai) (bonded maid ser-vants), 96-7, 114, 116, 211 Murray, I , 32, 33, 34
NAM PAK HONG (NAN BEI HANG), 17, 28-9, 56, Guild, 28-9, 54, 74 Nanking, Treaty of, 8, 215 n 17
Nanyang, 28, 86, 99, 137 National Association for the Promo-tion of Social Science, 33, 38 Nationality, 5, 9 Naturalization, 154 New Zealand, 137 Ng Choy (Wu Cai), 56, 88, 94, 119, 130, 132, 152, 226 n 28 Night Passes, 11, 25, 92-3, 119, 121, see also Light and Night Pass system North China Daily Press, 75 North China Insurance Company, 97 Nuovo Penelope, 103
O CHUN-CHIT (KE CHENJIE), 99, 100 O'Conor, N R , 145, 147, 148, 176 On-lan, 175 On Tai (Antai) Insurance Company, 137 Opium War, 10, 15, 85 Overseas Chinese, 4, 6, 9, 15, 18, 56, 70, 71, 80, 84, 85, 86, 99, 109-10, 113, 137, legal status, 5
PANAMA, 110 'Paouchong' (baozhang), 11-12, 22 'Paoukea' (baojia), 11-12 Pauncefote, Julian, 45-6, 223 n 69 Peking, 145, 176, see also China, gov-ernment Peru, 72, 77, 101, 102, 103, 110, 111, 125, 142 Philippines, 77, 139 Piecegoods Dealers' Guild, 75 Plaques, 51, 79, 99-100, 142-4, hui-zhou harwai', 79, 'jianyi yongwei', 239 n 33, 'shen wei pu you', 100, 241 n 82, 'wan wu xian h', 139 Po Leung Kuk (Bao hang ju), 16, 63, 73, 119, 123, 124, 128, 137, 149, 156, 166, 170, 171, 181, 200, 209, 210, 211, foundation of, 113-17, 127, 133, reconstitution of, 152-3 Po Yan Street, 49 Police, 10, 12, 27, 105, 114 Population, 10, 19 Post mortem examination, 21, 64, 91 Pottinger, Sir Henry, 1, 8, 9, 213 n 2 Price, J M , 123 Prostitutes, 70, 106, 107, 114, 122, 245 n 126 Protector of Chinese, see Registrar General's office
Public Health Bill 1887, 160
QIYING, 9, 214 n 10 Queen's College, 169, see also Central School Quincey, (W ), Police Inspector, 160 Quinine, 206
RACIAL DISCRIMINATION, 10-11, 92-3, 118, 194 Regional groups, 16, 56, see also Hui-guan
Registrar General's office, 12, 22-6, 27, 28, 33-4, 43, 90-1, 105, 117-18, 125-6, 127, 128, 129-33, 137, 151, 155-6, 200, 210, 211, see also Secretary for Chinese Affairs Registration, 12, 13, 25, 27, 43, 223 n 64, of partners of companies, 93-4 Ripon, Lord, 201 Robinson, Sir Hercules, 25, 37, 220 n 111 Robinson, Sir William, 167-8, 171-3, 174, 176-81, 189, 190, 192-3, 194-5, 196, 201, 202, 204, 205, 206, 258 n 50 Royal Engineers, 164 Russell, James, 112, 126-7, 128, 129, 130, 132, 247 n 160 Ryne, Phineas, 75, 234 n 138
SAIGON, 77 Sale of persons, 106, 113-15 San Francisco, 80, 101, 102, 106, 107, 139 Sandwich Islands, see Hawaii Sanitary Board, 151, 160, 161, 162, 163, 174, 185, 208, Permanent Committee, 162, 179-80 Sanitary conditions, 69, 160 Seamen's Strike 1922, 210 Secret societies, 13, 14, 25 Secretary for Chinese Affairs, 210, 211, see also Registrar General's office Segregation, 3, 7, 8, 11, 19, 29, 186, 207 Shameen, 176 Shanghai, 52, 70, 72, 181 Shanxi floods, 99 Shen ('gentry'), 82, 87, 146 Shennong, 50
Sheung-wan (Shanghuan), 16 Shropshire Light Infantry, 164 Siam, 77 Siemssen Company, 109 Singapore, 15, 77, 80, 140,141, Protec-tor of Chinese, 105, 118 Smo-Bntish relations, see China, and Great Bntain Sino-French hostilities, 133 Sino-Japanese War, 154 Six Companies of San Francisco, 110, 246 n 146 Smale, John, 103, 114, 115, 116, 242 n 98 Smallpox, 21, 65, 66 Smith, Cecil Clementi, 26, 28, 117 Society of St Vincent de Paul, 70 South China, 16, 21, 23, 69, 133, 181 Sovereignty, 5, 8-9, 140, 141, 143, 147, 148, 173 Special Fund, 37-8, 39, 42, 43, 51 Stephenson, James, 11 Stewart, Frederick, 62, 117, 126, 129, 130, 131, 134, 135, 138, 150, 155, 228 n 60 Stone Cutters' Island, 66 Straits Settlement, 117 Street lighting, 91 Strikes and not, 1884, 133-8, 170, 171 Sun Yat-sen, 154, 169 Supreme Court, 22, 25, 92
TABLETS, see Plaques Taiping [upnsing], 23, 85, 86 Taiping guan, 109, 111 Tai-pmg-shan, 13, 18, 31, 32, 48, 134, 170, 176, 180 Tam Achoy (Tan Acai), 15-16, 18, 23, 217 n 50 Tamsui, 133 Telegraph, 109, 246 n 142 Temple committees, 13, 15, 53, 72 Tepo (dibao), 22-3, 25 Thomsett, H G , 34, 107 Thomson, AM , 196 Thomson, John C , Dr, 202, 206 Thong Chai Medical Institution (Tongji yiyuan), Singapore, 80, 235 n 164, 236 n 169 Tiandi hui ('heaven and earth' so-ciety), see Tnad societies Tonkin, 106 Tonnochy, M S , 31,105, 117, 125, 126 Tnad societies, 13-14
Tse Tsan Tai (Xie Zuantai), 169, 258 n 58, 258 n 59 Tso Pmg-lun (Zuo Binglong), 151 Ts'o U-t'ing (Cao Yutmg), 123 Tsungh Yamen, 103, 111, 135, 138, 147, 148, 176, 177, 182 Tung Wah Hospital Advisory Board, 58, 209-10, Assistant Directors, 57, and associations in China, 58-9, 71-3, 75, and bubonic plague, 161-2, 163-4, 166-70, 171-8, 179, 180-3, building, 51, bunal service, 64, 71, and China, 6, 51, 58, 63, 66, 67, 71-3, 75-6, 77, 79, 209, and 'Chinese hospitals', 79-81, Chineseness of, 41, 44, 46, 48, 52, 67, 163, 207, coffins and coffin home, 64, 71, 74, 108-9, Commis-sion to enquire into, 187, 195, 196-201, 202, 209, Constitution, 44-7, 210, cnticism of, 113, 121-7, 163, 169-70, 181-2, 185-8, 210-11, doctors, 62-3, 162, 164, 200, 204, 206, 228 n 55, elections, 55, 59, 84, 225 n 21, Founding Board of Directors, 44, 47, 50, 54, 89, funds, 38, 39, 40, 43, 51, 74-8, 91, 191, 198, 209, 211, General Committee, 57, and guilds, 4, 54-6, 74-6, and lunatics, 73-4, management of, 52, 78, 188, 205-6, management struc-ture, 44-7, 53-8, 60, 78, medical training, 62-3, medical work, 60-9, 185-7, 212, mortality rate at, 63, 65, 69, opening of, 50-1, 83, Ordinary Committee, 57, ordinary membership, 45, 58, 227 n 38, origin of, 32-44, and Overseas Chinese, 6, 70-3, 77, 108-11, 120, 139-40, 209, as poor house, 73-4, property of, 45, 77, 235 n 151, public meetings at, 59-60, 89-90, 94-5, reforms, 202-6, 207-8, Reg-ulations, 53-4, 47-8, 61, 62, 64, 123, removal of patients from, 189-90, and repatnation, 62, 70, 71-3, 106, 108, sanitary conditions at, 187-8, Smallpox Hospital, 209, vaccination, 65-7, 79, Zhengxinlu (Annual Report), 76, 148 See also Chinese Hospital Ordinance, Tung Wah Hospital Board of Directors, Tung Wah Hospital Committee Tung Wah Hospital Board of Direc-
tors, 40, 44-7, 57, 86, 115, 209, structure, 54-6, 58, 132, 208, 209, 225 n 20, 225 n 21 See also Chinese Hospital Committee, Tung Wah Hospital Committee Tung Wah Hospital Committee, 40, 80, 149, 163, 190-1, autonomy of, 47, 163, 185, 191, 192, 209, 210, and China, 85-7, 98-101, 125-6, 128, 133-49, 120, 173, as commun-ity leaders, 4-5, 40, 55, 59-60, 80, 82-101, 103-20, 121-9, 134-7, 156-8, 163-4, 166, 167-8,170, 175, 182, 183, 191, 193, 194, 207, 209-12, composition, 53, 54-8, 203, 227 n 33, and detection of kidnapping, 104-5, 242 n 108, and emigration, 103-13, 122, 123, 125, 126, 140, and fund-raising, 99, 126,139, 141-9, and Hong Kong government, 40-2, 44-7, 63, 64, 67, 71, 73, 74, 78, 83, 87-9, 90-6, 98, 104-7, 112, 117-20, 123-33, 134-7, 141-50, 156-8, 159, 163-4, 167-8, 170-1, 176-8, 180-3, 192-3, 194-5, 196, 198, 199, 204, 207-8, 209-12, and justice, 96-8, and law, 91-4, 96-8, and Li Hanzhang, 173, and Po Leung Kuk, 113-17, progressive party in, 206, 208, 264 n 108, and Zhang Zhidong, 135, 138-40 See also Chinese Hospital Committee, Tung Wah Hospital Board of Directors Tweed, 170, 181 Typhoon shelters, 91
U I-KAI (Hu ERJIA), 185, 190, 261 n 4 United States, 72, 104, 107, 108, 110, 112, 139, 246 n 145
VACCINATION, 65-7, 91 Vaccination Ordinance, 67 Vaccine Institute, 65 Victona Registration Ordinance, 27, 223 n 64
WA HOP (HUAHE) TELEGRAPH COM-PANY, 137 Walsham, Sir John, 148 Wanchai, 32, 89 Wang Tao, 56, 86, 154, 226 n 29 Wei Yuk (Wei Yu), 123,129,149, 191, 192, 201-2, 204, 205, 208
West Indies, 101 Whitehead, T H , 153, 196, 199, 200 Wilson, W , 31 Wong Kwan Tong (Huang Juntang), 109 Wong Shing (Huang Sheng), 131, 151 Wu Tingfang, see Ng Choy
XUNHUAN RIBAO (UNIVERSAL CIR-CULATING HERALD), 56, 154
YINHU, see Yinshang Yinshang, 54, 55
Yu Yau-chuen, 162 Yuanbu (subscription list), 76-7 Yulan festival, 17 Yulan Procession Committee, 17 Yunnan, 162
ZENG GUOQUAN, 99 Zhang Yinhuan, 112, 247 n 164 Zhang Zhidong, 109, 111, 133-5, 136-41, 142-9, 173, 245 n 139 Zhih, 99
Zhongwai xinwen qin bao (China and World News Weekly), 104
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